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In clinical practice, some representatives of these species, especially <jats:italic>Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus mitis<\/jats:italic>, are sometimes mistaken for <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> based on the results of classical microbiological methods, such as optochin susceptibility and bile solubility. Several various molecular approaches that address the issue of correct identification of pneumococci and other Mitis streptococci have been proposed and are discussed in this review, including PCR- and gene sequencing-based tests as well as new developments in the genomic field that represents an important advance in our understanding of relationships within the Mitis group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03991-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T21:02:28Z","timestamp":1595624548000},"page":"2247-2256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Mitis streptococci: importance of molecular methods"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0284-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Sadowy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3651-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleria","family":"Hryniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3991_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002","volume":"15","author":"R Facklam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Facklam R (2002) What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes. 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