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The clinical data of 415 patients with indwelling ureteral stent after PCNL from December 2016 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into infection group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 54) and non-infection group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 361) according to whether patients had AP. Patients\u2019 clinical data, blood and urine bacterial culture, and drug sensitivity were collected and analyzed. The incidence of AP associated with ureteral stent after PCNL was 13.01% and diabetes mellitus (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), postoperative stone residue (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), urinary leucocytes \u2265 100\/HP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.018), positive urine culture results (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), ureteral stent retention time \u2265 8 weeks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), and high S.T.O.N.E. score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.014) are independent risk factors for it. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (40.54%, 47.82%), <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (16.21%, 15.21%), <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (10.81%, 4.34%), <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> (21.6%, 19.56%), and epidermis Staphylococci (10.81%, 13.33%) are the main pathogens in blood and urine. The main sensitive drugs of pathogenic bacteria are imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, piperacillin\/tazobactam, ceftazidime, linezolid, teicoplanin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, tigecycline, etc., while levofloxacin, norfloxacin, penicillin G, first, and second-generation cephalosporins showed a strong drug resistance rate (&gt; 70%). This study found that diabetes, postoperative stone residuals, urinary leukocytes \u2267 100 cells\/HP, positive urine culture results, ureteral stent indwelling time \u2267 8 weeks, and high S.T.O.N.E. score were independent of AP associated with ureteral stent after PCNL risk factors and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> is the main pathogenic bacteria and shows drug resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04050-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T15:02:49Z","timestamp":1602255769000},"page":"707-713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Study on risk factors, bacterial species, and drug resistance of acute pyelonephritis associated with ureteral stent after percutaneous nephrolithotomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Guo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Qiulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yaodong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xingyou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Zhenyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41630","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41630","volume":"7","author":"W Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang W, Fan J, Huang G (2017) Prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China: a systematic review. 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