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We retrospectively analyzed microbiological and clinical data from 94 patients transplanted for indications other than cystic fibrosis, focusing on the occurrence of bacterial respiratory colonization or infection during 1\u00a0month of follow-up after LT. Thirty-three percent of patients developed lower respiratory bacterial colonization. Bilateral LT and chronic heart diseases were independently associated to a higher risk of overall bacterial colonization. Peptic diseases conferred a higher risk of multi-drug resistant (MDR) colonization, while longer duration of aerosol prophylaxis was associated with a lower risk. Overall, 35% of lung recipients developed bacterial pneumonia. COPD (when compared to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF) and higher BMI were associated to a lower risk of bacterial infection. A higher risk of MDR infection was observed in IPF and in patients with pre-transplant colonization and infections. The risk of post-LT respiratory infections could be stratified by considering several factors (indication for LT, type of LT, presence of certain comorbidities, and microbiologic assessment before LT). A wider use of early nebulized therapies could be useful to prevent MDR colonization, thus potentially lowering infectious risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04153-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T19:02:45Z","timestamp":1611255765000},"page":"1271-1282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Incidence and risk factors for respiratory tract bacterial colonization and infection in lung transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Paglicci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Borgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Lanzarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fabbiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cassol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MG.","family":"Cusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Valassina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Scolletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bargagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Paladini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Montagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4153_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.09.001","volume":"35","author":"RD Yusen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yusen RD, Edwards LB, Dipchand AI, Goldfarb SB, Kucheryavaya AY, Levvey BJ et al (2016) The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-third adult lung and heart\u2013lung transplant report\u20142016; focus theme: primary diagnostic indications for transplant. 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FM received support for travel to meetings from Angelini, she is the principal investigator in a study sponsored by TLS (Toscana Life Science) and by GSK Vaccine SRL and she is the contact person for a service contract between GSK Vaccine SRL and Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, without receiving any personal remuneration. All the other authors have no conflicts to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, protocol OSS_REOS n\u00b0 12908).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}