{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:51:55Z","timestamp":1787899915547,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04253-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T21:22:27Z","timestamp":1620076947000},"page":"2129-2135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neurosyphilis: a series of 178 cases at the 3rd-level hospital of Marrakesh (Morocco)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8105-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najib","family":"Kissani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaa","family":"Nafia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safaa","family":"Zahlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisserine","family":"Louhab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.82719","volume":"59","author":"A Kayal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kayal A, Das M, Goswami M, Paul B (2011) Clinical spectrum of neurosyphilis in North East India. Neurol India 59:344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.82719","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"4253_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.05.018","volume":"66","author":"F Peng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peng F, Hu X, Zhong X, Wei Q, Jiang Y, Bao J et al (2008) CT and MR findings in HIV-negative neurosyphilis. Eur J Radiol 66:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.05.018","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"4253_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.03.003","volume":"317","author":"L-L Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu L-L, Zheng W-H, Tong M-L, Liu G-L, Zhang H-L, Fu Z-G et al (2012) Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients. J Neurol Sci 317:35\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2012.03.003","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"4253_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.013528","volume":"15","author":"L Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui L, Xu Z, Hou H (2020) Diagnosis and treatment of spinal syphilitic gumma: a case report. Front Neurol 15(10):1352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.013528","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4253_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4582-2","volume":"19","author":"Y Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu Y, Ke W, Yang L, Wang Z, Lv P, Gu J et al (2019) Clinical prediction and diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 19:1017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4582-2","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"4253_CR6","unstructured":"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2017. 2017;168."},{"key":"4253_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-020-00081-1","volume":"2","author":"M Klein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klein M, Angstwurm K, Esser S, Hahn K, Maschke M, Scheithauer S et al (2020) German guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of neurosyphilis. Neurol Res Pract 2:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-020-00081-1","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"4253_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X01206010146","volume":"28","author":"J Miklossy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miklossy J (2012) Chronic or late lyme neuroborreliosis: analysis of evidence compared to chronic or late neurosyphilis. TONEUJ 28(6):146\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874205X01206010146","journal-title":"TONEUJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"4253_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00782","volume":"6","author":"K Bechter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bechter K (2019) Encephalitis, mild encephalitis, neuroprogression, or encephalopathy\u2014not merely a question of terminology. Front Psychiatry 6(9):782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00782","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"133","key":"4253_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001143","volume":"5","author":"H-J Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen H-J, Yu T, Peng J (2020) Asymptomatic neurosyphilis may need early intervention in people living with HIV. Chin Med J 5(133):2877\u20132879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001143","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"4253_CR11","first-page":"613","volume":"54","author":"S Serragui","year":"1999","unstructured":"Serragui S, Yahyaoui M, Hassar M, Chkili T, Bouhaddioui N, Soulaymani R (1999) A comparison study of two therapeutic protocols for neurosyphilis. Therapie 54:613\u2013621","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"4253_CR12","first-page":"236","volume":"127","author":"DM Pavlovi\u0107","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pavlovi\u0107 DM, Milovi\u0107 AM (1999) Clinical characteristics and therapy of neurosyphilis in patients who are negative for human immunodeficiency virus. Srp Arh Celok Lek 127:236\u2013240","journal-title":"Srp Arh Celok Lek"},{"key":"4253_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-019-0185-9","volume":"5","author":"H Elmouden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elmouden H, Louhab N, Kissani N (2019) Medullary involvement in neurosyphilis: a report of 12 cases and a review of the literature. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 5:38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41394-019-0185-9","journal-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases"},{"key":"4253_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.26719\/2005.11.3.470","volume":"11","author":"M Yahyaoui","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yahyaoui M, Serragui S, Regragui W, Errguig L, Mouti O, Benomar A et al (2005) Epidemiological and clinical aspects of neurosyphilis in Morocco. East Mediterr Health J 11:470\u2013477","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"4253_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2013.53","volume":"26","author":"IM Daey Ouwens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daey Ouwens IM, Koedijk FDH, Fiolet ATL, van Veen MG, van den Wijngaard KC, Verhoeven WMA et al (2014) Neurosyphilis in the mixed urban\u2013rural community of the Netherlands. Acta Neuropsychiatr 26:186\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/neu.2013.53","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"4253_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000723","volume":"45","author":"S Tuddenham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tuddenham S, Ghanem KG (2018) Neurosyphilis: knowledge gaps and controversies. Sex Transm Dis 45:147\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000723","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"4253_CR17","unstructured":"Cisse A, Souare IS, Larkhis S, Cisse B, Beavogui K, Morel Y, et al. NEUROSYPHILIS ATYPIQUE ETUDE DE 28 CAS OBSERVES AU CHU DE CONAKRY. :5."},{"issue":"75","key":"4253_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.031922","volume":"1","author":"M Timmermans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Timmermans M (2004) Neurosyphilis in the modern era. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1(75):1727\u20131730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2004.031922","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4253_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00398-6","volume":"50","author":"LE Manhart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Manhart LE, Dialmy A, Ryan CA, Mahjour J (2000) Sexually transmitted diseases in Morocco: gender influences on prevention and health care seeking behavior. Soc Sci Med 50:1369\u20131383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00398-6","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"4253_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450701239426","volume":"118","author":"C Mitsonis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mitsonis C, Kararizou E, Dimopoulos N, Triantafyllou N, Kapaki E, Mitropoulos P et al (2008) Incidence and clinical presentation of neurosyphilis: a retrospective study of 81 cases. Int J Neurosci 118:1251\u20131257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207450701239426","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"4253_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-016-0129-4","volume":"13","author":"I Teixidor-Toneu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teixidor-Toneu I, Martin GJ, Puri RK, Ouhammou A, Hawkins JA (2017) Treating infants with frigg: linking disease aetiologies, medicinal plant use and care-seeking behaviour in southern Morocco. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 13:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13002-016-0129-4","journal-title":"J Ethnobiol Ethnomed"},{"key":"4253_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goh BT (2005) Syphilis in adults. Sexually Transmitted Infections 1(81):448\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.2005.015875","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.015875"},{"key":"4253_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17073","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.73","volume":"3","author":"RW Peeling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peeling RW, Mabey D, Kamb ML, Chen X-S, Radolf JD, Benzaken AS (2017) Syphilis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3:17073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2017.73","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"46","key":"4253_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina46040039","volume":"11","author":"A Vaitkus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vaitkus A, Krasauskait\u0117 E, Urbonavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 I (2010) Meningovascular neurosyphilis: a report of stroke in a young adult. Medicina 11(46):282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina46040039","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"219","key":"4253_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.219.6.726","volume":"1","author":"H Hooshmand","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hooshmand H (1972) Neurosyphilis. A study of 241 patients. JAMA 1(219):726\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.219.6.726","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4253_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02106236","volume":"18","author":"C Caponnetto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Caponnetto C, de Maria A, Solaro C, Abbruzzese M, Primavera A (1997) Late symptomatic neurosyphilis presenting as a motor polyradiculoneuropathy. Ital J Neurol Sci 18:62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02106236","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4253_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31823928e8","volume":"199","author":"JR Berger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berger JR (2011) Neurosyphilis and the spinal cord: then and now. J Nerv Ment Dis 199:912\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31823928e8","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"4253_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00310-17","volume":"55","author":"CM Marra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marra CM, Maxwell CL, Dunaway SB, Sahi SK, Tantalo LC (2017) Cerebrospinal fluid Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay for neurosyphilis diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 55:1865\u20131870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00310-17","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4253_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200406000-00006","volume":"31","author":"A Berbel-Garcia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berbel-Garcia A, Porta-Etessam J, Martinez-Salio A, Millan-Juncos JM, Perez-Martinez DA, Saiz-Diaz RA et al (2004) Magnetic resonance image-reversible findings in a patient with general paresis. Sex Transm Dis 31:350\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007435-200406000-00006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"4253_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2006.00050.x","volume":"16","author":"H Fadil","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fadil H, Gonzalez-Toledo E, Kelley BJ, Kelley RE (2006) Neuroimaging findings in neurosyphilis. J Neuroimaging 16:286\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2006.00050.x","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"4253_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kodama K, Okada S, Komatsu N, Yamanouchi N, Noda S, Kumakiri C et al (2000) Relationship between MRI findings and prognosis for patients with general paresis. J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci 5","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.12.2.246"},{"key":"4253_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.07.092","volume":"17","author":"Y Yu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yu Y, Wei M, Huang Y, Jiang W, Liu X, Xia F et al (2010) Clinical presentation and imaging of general paresis due to neurosyphilis in patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Neurosci 17:308\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.07.092","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4253_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13030064","volume":"26","author":"L-R Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin L-R, Zhang H-L, Huang S-J, Zeng Y-L, Xi Y, Guo X-J et al (2014) Psychiatric manifestations as primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative patients. JNP 26:233\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13030064","journal-title":"JNP"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-021-04253-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-021-04253-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-021-04253-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T07:54:25Z","timestamp":1672041265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-021-04253-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-021-04253-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Consent to participate was not deemed required for the purposes of this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was not deemed required for the purposes of this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}