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Therapies consist of early diagnosis, adequate surgical source control, and antimicrobial therapy. Whereas guidelines underline the need for appropriate routine microbiological cultures before starting antimicrobial therapy in patients with suspected sepsis or septic shock, delaying adequate therapy also strongly increases mortality. The aim of the present study was to compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized in ICU for NSTI according to their antimicrobial therapy exposure\u2009&gt;\u200924\u00a0h before surgery (called the exposed group) or not (called the unexposed group) before surgical microbiological sampling. We retrospectively included 100 consecutive patients admitted for severe NSTI. The exposed group consisted of 23(23%) patients, while 77(77%) patients belonged to the unexposed group. The demographic and underlying disease conditions were similar between the two groups. Microbiological cultures of surgical samples were positive in 84 patients and negative in 16 patients, including 3\/23 (13%) patients and 13\/77 (17%) patients in the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.70). The distribution of microorganisms was comparable between the two groups. The main antimicrobial regimens for empiric therapy were also similar, and the proportions of adequacy were comparable (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200960 (84.5%) in the unexposed group vs. <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919 (86.4%) in the exposed group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.482). ICU and hospital lengths of stay and mortality rates were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, in a population of severe ICU NSTI patients, antibiotic exposure before sampling did not impact either culture sample positivity or microbiological findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04354-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T05:44:10Z","timestamp":1633844650000},"page":"109-117","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of prior antibiotic therapy on severe necrotizing soft-tissue infections in ICU patients: results from a French retrospective and observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Thy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parvine","family":"Tashk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Lortat-Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Hermieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Zappella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sacha","family":"Rozencwajg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelie","family":"Snauwaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enora","family":"Atchade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Grall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maksud","family":"Assadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexy","family":"Tran-Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Montravers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4354_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu444","volume":"59","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJC, Gorbach SL et al (2014) Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 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Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}