{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T15:51:31Z","timestamp":1793893891432,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-022-04445-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T19:09:21Z","timestamp":1651000161000},"page":"881-891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Diagnostic accuracy of the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for detection of bacterial meningoencephalitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Rimjhim","family":"Kanaujia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Biswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Angrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallab","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30387-9","volume":"17","author":"JR Zunt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zunt JR, Kassebaum NJ, Blake N, Glennie L, Wright C, Nichols E et al (2018) Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 17:1061\u20131082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30387-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4445_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104169","volume":"9","author":"BP George","year":"2014","unstructured":"George BP, Schneider EB, Venkatesan A (2014) Encephalitis hospitalization rates and inpatient mortality in the United States, 2000\u20132010. PLoS One 9:e104169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104169","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4445_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","volume":"392","author":"GA Roth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roth GA, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N et al (2018) Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 392:1736\u20131788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4445_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f11d65","volume":"75","author":"J Granerod","year":"2010","unstructured":"Granerod J, Tam CC, Crowcroft NS, Davies NWS, Borchert M, Thomas SL (2010) Challenge of the unknown: a systematic review of acute encephalitis in non-outbreak situations. Neurology 75:924\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f11d65","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4445_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20192543","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2543","volume":"145","author":"TA Erickson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erickson TA, Muscal E, Munoz FM, Lotze T, Hasbun R, Brown E et al (2020) Infectious and autoimmune causes of encephalitis in children. Pediatrics 145:e20192543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2019-2543","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4445_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.1169","volume":"108","author":"JT Kanegaye","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kanegaye JT, Soliemanzadeh P, Bradley JS (2001) Lumbar puncture in pediatric bacterial meningitis: defining the time interval for recovery of cerebrospinal fluid pathogens after parenteral antibiotic pretreatment. Pediatrics 108:1169\u20131174","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4445_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02916-20","author":"KN Govender","year":"2021","unstructured":"Govender KN, Street TL, Sanderson ND, Eyre DW (2021) Metagenomic sequencing as a pathogen-agnostic clinical diagnostic tool for infectious diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. J Clin Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02916-20","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803396","volume":"380","author":"MR Wilson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilson MR, Sample HA, Zorn KC, Arevalo S, Yu G, Neuhaus J et al (2019) Clinical metagenomic sequencing for diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis. N Engl J Med 380:2327\u20132340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1803396","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4445_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6:e1000097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"4445_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF (2011) QUADAS-2: A revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med 155:529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"4445_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.02.022","volume":"58","author":"JB Reitsma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reitsma JB, Glas AS, Rutjes AWS, Scholten RJPM, Bossuyt PM, Zwinderman AH (2005) Bivariate analysis of sensitivity and specificity produces informative summary measures in diagnostic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 58:982\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.02.022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"4445_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JPT (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327:557\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4445_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4132-y","volume":"19","author":"XX Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang XX, Guo LY, Liu LL, Shen A, Feng WY, Huang WH et al (2019) The diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae in paediatric bacterial meningitis. BMC Infect Dis 19:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4132-y","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"4445_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.596175","volume":"11","author":"L Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian L, Shi Y, Li F, Wang Y, Ma M, Zhang Y et al (2020) Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of external ventricular and lumbar drainage-associated ventriculitis and meningitis. Front Microbiol 11:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.596175","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ge MM, Gan MY, Yan K, Xiao FF, Yang L, Wu BB, et al (2021) Combining metagenomic sequencing with whole exome sequencing to optimize clinical strategies in neonates with a suspected central nervous system infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.671109","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.671109"},{"key":"4445_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02070.x","volume":"14","author":"PCY Woo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Teng JLL, Tse H, Yuen K-Y (2008) Then and now: use of 16S rDNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification and discovery of novel bacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories. Clin Microbiol Infect 14:908\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02070.x","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"4445_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.10.024","volume":"87","author":"K Mongkolrattanothai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mongkolrattanothai K, Dien BJ (2017) The utility of direct specimen detection by Sanger sequencing in hospitalized pediatric patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 87:100\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.10.024","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"4445_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S231","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy693","volume":"67","author":"Q Miao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miao Q, Ma Y, Wang Q, Pan J, Zhang Y, Jin W et al (2018) Microbiological diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing when applied to clinical practice. Clin Infect Dis 67:S231\u2013S240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy693","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4445_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.671109","volume":"11","author":"M Ge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ge M, Gan M, Yan K, Xiao F, Yang L, Wu B et al (2021) Combining metagenomic sequencing with whole exome sequencing to optimize clinical strategies in neonates with a suspected central nervous system infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.671109","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.12.014","volume":"76","author":"JR Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown JR, Bharucha T, Breuer J (2018) Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases. J Infect 76:225\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.12.014","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"4445_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.238170.118","volume":"29","author":"S Miller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miller S, Naccache SN, Samayoa E, Messacar K, Arevalo S, Federman S et al (2019) Laboratory validation of a clinical metagenomic sequencing assay for pathogen detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Genome Res 29:831\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.238170.118","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"4445_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7583","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02206-14","volume":"80","author":"SJ Salipante","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salipante SJ, Kawashima T, Rosenthal C, Hoogestraat DR, Cummings LA, Sengupta DJ et al (2014) Performance comparison of illumina and ion torrent next-generation sequencing platforms for 16S rRNA-based bacterial community profiling. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:7583\u20137591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.02206-14","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-341","volume":"13","author":"M Quail","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quail M, Smith ME, Coupland P, Otto TD, Harris SR, Connor TR et al (2012) A tale of three next generation sequencing platforms: comparison of Ion torrent, pacific biosciences and illumina MiSeq sequencers. BMC Genomics 13:341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-13-341","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"4445_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01049-5","volume":"39","author":"J Foox","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foox J, Tighe SW, Nicolet CM, Zook JM, Byrska-Bishop M, Clarke WE et al (2021) Performance assessment of DNA sequencing platforms in the ABRF Next-Generation Sequencing Study. Nat Biotechnol 39:1129\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-021-01049-5","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"4445_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/JPIDS\/PIZ032","volume":"9","author":"JC Haston","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haston JC, Rostad CA, Jerris RC, Milla SS, McCracken C, Pratt C et al (2020) Prospective cohort study of next-generation sequencing as a diagnostic modality for unexplained encephalitis in children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 9:326\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JPIDS\/PIZ032","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"4445_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tansarli GS, Chapin KC (2020) Diagnostic test accuracy of the BioFire\u00ae FilmArray\u00aemeningitis\/encephalitis panel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 26(3):281\u2013290.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.016"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-022-04445-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-022-04445-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-022-04445-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T12:11:56Z","timestamp":1653567116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-022-04445-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-022-04445-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Yes","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}