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We investigated the incidence and features of patients with true\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Patients with positive\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    blood cultures between the years 2015\u20132020 in southern Sweden were identified through microbiology records and medical records were studied retrospectively.\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were species determined using MALDI-TOF MS. Patients were classified as having true infection or contamination according to a definition considering both clinical and microbiological features and these groups were compared. A total of 313 episodes of positive\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    blood cultures were identified in 312 patients. Of these, 49 (16%, corresponding to an incidence of 6 cases per million inhabitants per year) were classified as true infections. The most common species was\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                    (87%), and the majority were elderly men with comorbidities. Patients with true\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection often had an unknown focus of infection (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200921) or a focus in the respiratory tract (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200918). We identified one episode of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt infection, three episodes of aortic stent-graft infection, and one episode of infective endocarditis. Two patients, where\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated at the site of infection, had only one positive blood culture. The finding of positive\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    blood cultures should not always be considered contamination. Definitions of true\n                    <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteremia with a demand that more than one blood culture must be positive may miss true infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-022-04458-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T08:02:31Z","timestamp":1653465751000},"page":"1029-1037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["True infection or contamination in patients with positive Cutibacterium blood cultures\u2014a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jolin","family":"Boman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Nilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torgny","family":"Sunnerhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1588-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4458_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4422","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001367","volume":"66","author":"CFP Scholz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scholz CFP, Kilian M (2016) The natural history of cutaneous propionibacteria, and reclassification of selected species within the genus Propionibacterium to the proposed novel genera Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov. 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