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Overall, there were 18 episodes of definite IE occurring in 16 individuals, although only 7 episodes occurred in native valves (11 occurred in prosthetic valves) equating to 0.7 episodes of native valve IE\/1000 patient-years. No patient with mild RHD - and only one child with RHD - developed IE during the study period. Despite the study\u2019s tropical location, the causative organism was usually typical skin or oral flora. Among individuals with an indication for benzathine penicillin G (BPG) prophylaxis, only 1\/6 episodes of IE due to a penicillin-susceptible organism received BPG in the month before presentation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although RHD predisposes individuals to IE, the absolute risk of IE in native valve disease in tropical\u00a0Australia is low and might be reduced further by improved adherence to secondary BPG prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04641-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T20:28:46Z","timestamp":1689884926000},"page":"1115-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The aetiology and incidence of infective endocarditis in people living with rheumatic heart disease in tropical Australia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Basaglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken W. 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