{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:35:39Z","timestamp":1790796939640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zealand Region"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the value of syndromic diagnostic testing for a better understanding of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal infections in Denmark. Here we evaluated the QIAstat-Dx\u00ae Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel 1 assay on 18,610 fecal samples requested for analysis for enteric pathogens in Region Zealand, Denmark, in 1 year (October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022). In total, 6905 (37%) samples were detected positive for one or more diarrhoeal bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The most common bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens detected with the QIAstat-Dx\u00ae Gastrointestinal Panel 1 were EPEC (in patients \u2265 2 years of age) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1420 (20.6%)), rotavirus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 948 (13.7%)), and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 196 (2.84%)). We identified a large diversity in infections likely reflecting substantial differences in the epidemiology including origin of infections, mode of transmission, seasonality, age-dependent susceptibility to disease, severity, and travel history. All pathogens were detected as both single and coinfections. Viral infections peaked in March with a positive rate of 31.6%, and bacterial infections peaked in August with a positive rate of 35.3%. ETEC, <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\/EIEC, EAEC, and <jats:italic>P. shigelloides<\/jats:italic> were most related to travel activity, and coinfections were frequent. The distribution of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> values varied significantly between the pathogens, with the lowest <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> values (median 17\u201318) observed in astrovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus. Our results highlight the value of providing extensive diagnostic testing on fecal samples for sufficient detection of relevant diarrhoeal pathogens for optimal clinical care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04642-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T21:02:28Z","timestamp":1689800548000},"page":"1091-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epidemiology of gastrointestinal infections: lessons learned from syndromic testing, Region Zealand, Denmark"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0966-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rikke Lykke","family":"Johansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0659-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian H\u00f8jte","family":"Schouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6176-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina Vasehus","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4068-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohui Chen","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Engberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4642_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31826df662","volume":"47","author":"MA Salam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salam MA, Advisor S, Lindberg G, Dite P, Khalif I, Salazar-Lindo E et al (2013) Acute diarrhoea in adults and children - a global perspective. 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According to the regulations of the Danish regional ethical committee (VEK), the study design does not require informed patient consent. Furthermore, the study is covered by the legal acts regulating the surveillance of infectious diseases in Denmark.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Rikke Lykke Johansen, Christian H\u00f8jte Schouw, Tina Vasehus Madsen, and Xiaohui Chen Nielsen declare they have no financial interests. J\u00f8rgen Engberg has received a speaker honorarium from QIAGEN.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}