{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:52:14Z","timestamp":1789069934905,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005609","name":"University of Turku","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic> (mostly termed group A Streptococcus - GAS) is the most important bacterial causative of pharyngitis. However, epidemiology of GAS pharyngitis is not widely established. This study describes GAS pharyngitis cases and <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>-type distribution in a prospective study covering over 2 years in two Hospital Districts in Finland.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prospective, systematic collection of GAS pharyngitis isolates was conducted between March 2018 and December 2020 in two large Hospital Districts in Finland. Patient characteristics (age, gender) were included if available. All GAS isolates collected were <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic> typed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Altogether 1320 GAS pharyngitis strains were collected, 904 in the Hospital District 1 (HD1) and 416 in Hospital District 2 (HD2). In HD1, age and gender data were available. Females were overrepresented (58% of all cases). In addition, the age and gender distributions were noted to be significantly different (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) with females having a more uniform distribution until age of 40. <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>28 was common among the age group of 20\u201329-year-olds and <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>89 in children under 10 years of age, respectively. In HD1, most of the isolates were collected during winter and autumn months. Significant differences by season in the frequency of <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>12, <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>89, <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>75 and group of \u201cothers\u201d were observed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Age distribution among GAS pharyngitis cases was significantly different between genders (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). In addition, age group specific and seasonal variations in <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic> GAS types causing the disease were observed. These findings warrant further investigation, especially for understanding population-based spread of GAS even in more detail.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04714-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T05:02:21Z","timestamp":1701061341000},"page":"233-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epidemiology and emm types among group A streptococcal pharyngitis in Finland: a prospective laboratory-based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Mirva","family":"Virolainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1479-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsi","family":"Gr\u00f6ndahl-Yli-Hannuksela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaisu","family":"Rantakokko-Jalava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tapio","family":"Seiskari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"L\u00f6nnqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terhi","family":"Kolari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiia","family":"Rissanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne-Leena","family":"Hyyryl\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"DICAR study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Kailankangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Syrj\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Vilhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarmo","family":"Oksi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Vuento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Vuopio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"4714_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","volume":"5","author":"JR Carapetis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. 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Data was analysed anonymised. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and national and institutional standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"According to the Finnish Medical Research Act (488\/1999), Act of the Medical Use of Human Organs, Tissues and Cells (101\/2001) and Biobank Act (688\/2012) as amended, and as confirmed by the Hospital District of Southwest Finland Research Ethics Committee, no ethical committee approvals or informed consent was needed for this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}