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Specifically, a debate exists on preference to spare the new \u03b2-lactams and \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors (BL-BLIs) or to apply a carbapenem-sparing strategy first. To investigate, we designed a web survey aimed at investigating the variables considered relevant to empirically choosing one antibiotic over the other. Submitted to Italian infectious diseases and intensive care physicians through the support of Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali (SIMIT), Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Terapia Antinfettiva (SITA) and Societ\u00e0 Italiana Anestesia, Analgesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI). We found that demographic characteristics were irrelevant when deciding for empirical therapy. Clinical and anamnestic data were most meaningful. Significantly considered were underlying comorbidities and previous exposure to antimicrobial treatments. History of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant and\/or metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales rectal colonisation and\/or infection were considered the most relevant by most physicians. Unexpectedly, clinicians considered less the source of infection. These results prompt the need of straightforward methods to retrieve medical histories and the magnitude of rectal colonisation data, often not routinely obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04798-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T08:02:01Z","timestamp":1709884921000},"page":"1017-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Carbapenem or new \u03b2-lactam-\u03b2-lactamase inhibitors? An Italian survey supported by SITA, SIMIT and SIAARTI to identify the factors affecting empiric antimicrobial therapy choice in real-life clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5939-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Colaneri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Genovese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darcy","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bandera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"4798_CR1","unstructured":"ECDC country visit to Italy (2023) to discuss antimicrobial resistance issues n.d. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/ecdc-country-visit-italy-discuss-antimicrobial-resistance-issues"},{"key":"4798_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe n.d. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2900\/112339","DOI":"10.2900\/112339"},{"key":"4798_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIAC268","volume":"75","author":"PD Tamma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ (2022) Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022 Guidance on the treatment of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase Producing enterobacterales (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat Resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa). 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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}