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MIC assays included testing with and without Curosurf\u00ae surfactant at 1\u00a0mg\/mL for <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic> ATCC 6258 and all <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic> isolates. Subsequent Time-kill studies in Sabouraud broth involved testing both <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> ATCC 90028 and C. <jats:italic>krusei<\/jats:italic> ATCC 6258 strains at concentrations equal their respective MIC values, with and without surfactant, using all four antifungals. CFU\/mL were assessed at multiple time points up to 24\u00a0h. TKCs with different surfactant concentrations for <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic> ATCC 6258 and mini-TKCs at various concentrations relative to the MIC of <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic> isolates and the reference strain were conducted with micafungin, anidulafungin, and caspofungin.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MIC results showed that 1\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL surfactant reduced killing of micafungin and anidulafungin against <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic>, while caspofungin was unaffected. Amphotericin B's MIC decreased by half. TKCs demonstrated significant effects of surfactant on micafungin and anidulafungin against <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic>, with complete abolition of anidulafungin's activity against <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This in-vitro study highlights the concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of surfactant on antifungal activity against <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic> and, to some extent, <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>, necessitating further clinical validation for invasive lung mycoses treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04799-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T10:03:48Z","timestamp":1710410628000},"page":"927-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pulmonary surfactant impacts in vitro activity of selected antifungal drugs against Candida krusei and Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8238-8488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Nussbaumer-Pr\u00f6ll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Matzneller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Eberl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Zeitlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4799_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.13614779","volume":"13","author":"M Griese","year":"1999","unstructured":"Griese M (1999) Pulmonary surfactant in health and human lung diseases: state of the art. 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