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Clinical patient data was obtained from three national databases. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as a measure of association between ESBL and exposure variables.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The proportion of samples with ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> increased during the study period, from 2.6% in 2012 to 7.6% in 2021 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). ESBL-positive strains were detected in 1207 individuals (4.4%), 905 females (4.0%) and 302 males (6.1%). The following risk factors were identified: Male sex, higher age, institution type (hospital, nursing home), hospital-associated UTI, Charlson comorbidity index score\u2009\u2265\u20093, history of cystitis or hospitalization in the past year, and prescriptions for certain antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs: OR 1.51) in the past half year. The antibiotic associated with the highest risk was ciprofloxacin (OR 2.45).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of UTIs caused by ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> has been increasing in Iceland. The strongest risk factors for ESBL production were previous antibiotic use, especially ciprofloxacin, and previous PPI use, both considered to be overprescribed. It is important to promote the prudent use of these drugs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04882-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T13:02:01Z","timestamp":1719493321000},"page":"1689-1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli causing urinary tract infections in Iceland during 2012\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-1223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Margr\u00e9t","family":"Halld\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgir","family":"Hrafnkelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristjana","family":"Einarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl G.","family":"Kristinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4882_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12023","volume":"1277","author":"K Bush","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bush K (2013) Proliferation and significance of clinically relevant beta-lactamases. 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