{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:51:11Z","timestamp":1793019071294,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018936","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Heidelberg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To identify pathogenic microorganisms and microbiological risk factors causing high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation due to pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective single-center study was performed at the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Department of Internal Medicine at Heidelberg University Hospital (Germany) including 246 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies requiring invasive mechanical ventilation due to pneumonia from 08\/2004 to 07\/2016. Microbiological and radiological data were collected and statistically analyzed for risk factors for ICU and 1-year mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ICU and 1-year mortality were 63.0% (155\/246) and 81.0% (196\/242), respectively. Pneumonia causing pathogens were identified in 143 (58.1%) patients, multimicrobial infections were present in 51 (20.7%) patients. Fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens were detected in 89 (36.2%), 55 (22.4%) and 41 (16.7%) patients, respectively. Human herpesviruses were concomitantly reactivated in 85 (34.6%) patients. As significant microbiological risk factors for ICU mortality <jats:italic>probable invasive Aspergillus disease<\/jats:italic> with positive serum-Galactomannan (odds ratio 3.1 (1.2-8.0), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021,) and pulmonary <jats:italic>Cytomegalovirus<\/jats:italic> reactivation at intubation (odds ratio 5.3 (1.1\u201326.8), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043,) were identified. 1-year mortality was not significantly associated with type of infection. Of interest, 19 patients had infections with various respiratory viruses and <jats:italic>Aspergillus spp.<\/jats:italic> superinfections and experienced high ICU and 1-year mortality of 78.9% (15\/19) and 89.5% (17\/19), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients with hematological malignancies requiring invasive mechanical ventilation due to pneumonia showed high ICU and 1-year mortality. Pulmonary Aspergillosis and pulmonary reactivation of <jats:italic>Cytomegalovirus<\/jats:italic> at intubation were significantly associated with negative outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04883-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T15:04:21Z","timestamp":1719414261000},"page":"1679-1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Microbiological risk factors, ICU survival, and 1-year survival in hematological patients with pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6110-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Seybold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Dreger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlinde","family":"Egerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Mueller-Tidow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Giesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uta","family":"Merle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2012.01.001","volume":"58","author":"W Khayr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khayr W, Haddad RY, Noor SA (2012) Infections in hematological malignancies. Dis Mon 58(4):239\u2013249","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR2","first-page":"465","volume":"152","author":"L Martinez-Hernandez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martinez-Hernandez L, Vilar-Compte D, Cornejo-Juarez P, Volkow-Fernandez P (2016) [Nosocomial pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies]. Gac Med Mex 152(4):465\u2013472","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"issue":"3","key":"4883_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer449","volume":"108","author":"GT Bird","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bird GT, Farquhar-Smith P, Wigmore T, Potter M, Gruber PC (2012) Outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with haematological malignancy admitted to a specialist cancer intensive care unit: a 5 year study. Br J Anaesth 108(3):452\u2013459","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"4883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200210000-00014","volume":"30","author":"PB Massion","year":"2002","unstructured":"Massion PB, Dive AM, Doyen C et al (2002) Prognosis of hematologic malignancies does not predict intensive care unit mortality. Crit Care Med 30(10):2260\u20132270","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2018.03.003","volume":"11","author":"N Al-Zubaidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Zubaidi N, Shehada E, Alshabani K, ZazaDitYafawi J, Kingah P, Soubani AO (2018) Predictors of outcome in patients with hematologic malignancies admitted to the intensive care unit. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 11(4):206\u2013218","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v7.i1.98","volume":"7","author":"UD Bayraktar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bayraktar UD, Nates JL (2016) Intensive care outcomes in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. World J Clin Oncol 7(1):98\u2013105","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4883_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1675-7","volume":"92","author":"SA Namendys-Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Namendys-Silva SA, Gonzalez-Herrera MO, Garcia-Guillen FJ, Texcocano-Becerra J, Herrera-Gomez A (2013) Outcome of critically ill patients with hematological malignancies. Ann Hematol 92(5):699\u2013705","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1159\/000487439","volume":"41","author":"M von Lilienfeld-Toal","year":"2018","unstructured":"von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Maschmeyer G (2018) Challenges in Infectious diseases for haematologists. Oncol Res Treat 41(6):406\u2013410","journal-title":"Oncol Res Treat"},{"key":"4883_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Berger A, Christopeit M et al (1990) Community acquired respiratory virus infections in cancer patients-Guideline on diagnosis and management by the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for haematology and Medical Oncology. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England: 2016; 67: 200\u2009\u2013\u200912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.08.015"},{"issue":"12","key":"4883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","volume":"46","author":"B De Pauw","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP et al (2008) Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis 46(12):1813\u20131821","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4883_CR11","first-page":"986","volume":"91","author":"G Chamilos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chamilos G, Luna M, Lewis RE et al (2006) Invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies in a tertiary care cancer center: an autopsy study over a 15-year period (1989\u20132003). Haematologica 91(7):986\u2013989","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"4883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zak P, Vejrazkova E, Zavrelova A et al (2019) BAL fluid analysis in the identification of infectious agents in patients with hematological malignancies and pulmonary infiltrates. Folia Microbiol (Praha)","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-019-00712-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1086\/510592","volume":"44","author":"A Upton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Upton A, Kirby KA, Carpenter P, Boeckh M, Marr KA (2007) Invasive aspergillosis following hematopoietic cell transplantation: outcomes and prognostic factors associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis 44(4):531\u2013540","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e260","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30107-0","volume":"19","author":"P Ljungman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ljungman P, de la Camara R, Robin C et al (2019) Guidelines for the management of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with haematological malignancies and after stem cell transplantation from the 2017 European conference on infections in leukaemia (ECIL 7). Lancet Infect Dis 19(8):e260\u2013e72","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"4883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.11.019","volume":"32","author":"B Saugel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saugel B, Jakobus J, Huber W et al (2016) Herpes simplex virus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of medical intensive care unit patients: Association with lung injury and outcome. J Crit Care 32:138\u2013144","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"19","key":"4883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000956","volume":"135","author":"H Einsele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Einsele H, Ljungman P, Boeckh M (2020) How I treat CMV reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 135(19):1619\u20131629","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"4883_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228451","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228451","volume":"15","author":"F Duver","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duver F, Weissbrich B, Eyrich M, Wolfl M, Schlegel PG, Wiegering V (2020) Viral reactivations following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients - a single center 11-year analysis. PLoS ONE 15(2):e0228451","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1086\/318721","volume":"32","author":"Q Nguyen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nguyen Q, Estey E, Raad I et al (2001) Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in adults with leukemia: an emerging problem. Clin Infect Dis 32(4):539\u2013545","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4883_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Melo Silva J, Pinheiro-Silva R, Dhyani A, Pontes GS (2020) Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Infections: Prevalence and Impact on Patients with Hematological Diseases. Biomed Res Int. ; 2020: 1627824","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1627824"},{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0873-3","volume":"44","author":"E Hardak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hardak E, Avivi I, Berkun L et al (2016) Polymicrobial pulmonary infection in patients with hematological malignancies: prevalence, co-pathogens, course and outcome. Infection 44(4):491\u2013497","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"4883_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1985-6","volume":"14","author":"CP Heussel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heussel CP, Kauczor HU, Ullmann AJ (2004) Pneumonia in neutropenic patients. Eur Radiol 14(2):256\u2013271","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4883_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu192","volume":"26","author":"G Maschmeyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maschmeyer G, Carratala J, Buchheidt D et al (2015) Diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of lung infiltrates in febrile neutropenic patients (allogeneic SCT excluded): updated guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Ann Oncol 26(1):21\u201333","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.4.1299","volume":"126","author":"PO Depuydt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Depuydt PO, Benoit DD, Vandewoude KH, Decruyenaere JM, Colardyn FA (2004) Outcome in noninvasively and invasively ventilated hematologic patients with acute respiratory failure. Chest 126(4):1299\u20131306","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"4883_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182227a27","volume":"39","author":"GR Gristina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gristina GR, Antonelli M, Conti G et al (2011) Noninvasive versus invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in patients with hematologic malignancies: a 5-year multicenter observational survey. Crit Care Med 39(10):2232\u20132239","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4883_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.614705","volume":"53","author":"QA Hill","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hill QA, Kelly RJ, Patalappa C et al (2012) Survival of patients with hematological malignancy admitted to the intensive care unit: prognostic factors and outcome compared to unselected medical intensive care unit admissions, a parallel group study. Leuk Lymphoma 53(2):282\u2013288","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-012-0196-9","volume":"108","author":"T Staudinger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Staudinger T, Schellongowski P (2013) [Chronic critically ill patients from the perspective of hematologists\/oncologists]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 108(4):295\u2013302","journal-title":"Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed"},{"key":"4883_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0795-y","volume":"19","author":"K Marquet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marquet K, Liesenborgs A, Bergs J, Vleugels A, Claes N (2015) Incidence and outcome of inappropriate in-hospital empiric antibiotics for severe infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 19:63","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4883_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3401990","volume":"41","author":"MP Ledoux","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ledoux MP, Guffroy B, Nivoix Y, Simand C, Herbrecht R (2020) Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 41(1):80\u201398","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4883_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1751","volume":"72","author":"M Bassetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bassetti M, Azoulay E, Kullberg BJ et al (2021) EORTC\/MSGERC definitions of Invasive Fungal diseases: Summary of activities of the Intensive Care Unit Working Group. Clin Infect Dis 72(Suppl 2):S121\u2013S7","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4883_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12926","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12926","volume":"20","author":"JL Pinana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pinana JL, Gomez MD, Perez A et al (2018) Community-acquired respiratory virus lower respiratory tract disease in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipient: risk factors and mortality from pulmonary virus-bacterial mixed infections. Transpl Infect Disease: Official J Transplantation Soc 20(4):e12926","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Disease: Official J Transplantation Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"4883_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30274-1","volume":"6","author":"A Schauwvlieghe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schauwvlieghe A, Rijnders BJA, Philips N et al (2018) Invasive aspergillosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe influenza: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 6(10):782\u2013792","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4883_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.05.001","volume":"65","author":"SP Georgiadou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Georgiadou SP, Kontoyiannis DP (2012) Concurrent lung infections in patients with hematological malignancies and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: how firm is the aspergillus diagnosis? J Infect 65(3):262\u2013268","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"4883_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.09.004","volume":"54","author":"CC Lai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lai CC, Yu WL (2021) COVID-19 associated with pulmonary aspergillosis: a literature review. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 54(1):46\u201353","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"4883_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koehler P, Bassetti M, Kochanek M, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Cornely OA (2019) Intensive care management of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Clin Microbiol Infect","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.04.031"},{"issue":"7","key":"4883_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofz247","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz247","volume":"6","author":"EE Magira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Magira EE, Chemaly RF, Jiang Y, Tarrand J, Kontoyiannis DP (2019) Outcomes in Invasive Pulmonary aspergillosis infections complicated by respiratory viral infections in patients with hematologic malignancies: a case-control study. Open Forum Infect Dis 6(7):ofz247","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"4883_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix120","volume":"64","author":"DSY Ong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ong DSY, Bonten MJM, Spitoni C et al (2017) Epidemiology of multiple herpes viremia in previously immunocompetent patients with septic shock. Clin Infect Dis 64(9):1204\u20131210","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4883_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01177-0","volume":"14","author":"L Pagano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pagano L, Salmanton-Garcia J, Marchesi F et al (2021) COVID-19 infection in adult patients with hematological malignancies: a European Hematology Association Survey (EPICOVIDEHA). J Hematol Oncol 14(1):168","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-024-04883-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-024-04883-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-024-04883-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T23:04:41Z","timestamp":1724799881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-024-04883-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-024-04883-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"NG reports honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, GSK, Hexal, MSD, travel grants from Janssen and participation on an advisory board to AstraZeneca. JB reports participation on an advisory board to Gilead. BS, TF, PD, GE, CMT and UM report no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}