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Previous studies have suggested that the bacterial composition of the male urinary microbiota is related to STIs. This study assessed the bacterial composition of the urinary microbiome in South African MSM with and without <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study used urine samples from MSM attending care at the King Edward VIII hospital and the Aurum Institute in Durban, South Africa. A total of 200 samples were tested for <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> infection using the Applied Biosystems\u2122 TaqMan<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Assays. Urinary microbiomes of 23 samples were characterized using 16\u00a0S rRNA (V3 and V4) gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bacterial taxonomic analysis showed a high abundance of <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> in all the sequenced samples. Moreover, <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> were detected in urine samples of MSM. Alpha diversity metrics showed a slight increase in microbial diversity in <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> positive samples; however, this was not significant (ANOVA, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the microbiome of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> infected MSM was not clearly different from those uninfected. Distinct bacterial communities were not detected between positive and negative samples (PERMANOVA F<jats:sub>1,22<\/jats:sub>= 1.0284, R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.047%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.385).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Most microbiome studies on MSM to date have focused on the gut microenvironment. Few studies, however, have provided data regarding the normal composition of the male urethral microbiomes or if these microbiomes are associated with male STIs. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge highlighting the urinary microbiome in MSM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04930-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T13:03:14Z","timestamp":1726059794000},"page":"2159-2170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of the urinary microbiome in men who have sex with men with and without Chlamydia trachomatis infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kehinde C.","family":"Mofolorunsho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nonkululeko G.","family":"Mabaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Nundlall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abidemi O.","family":"Ojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Errol D.","family":"Cason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathlee S.","family":"Abbai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"4930_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110548","volume":"7","author":"B Wojciuk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wojciuk B, Salabura A, Grygorcewicz B, K\u0119dzierska K, Ciechanowski K, Do\u0142\u0119gowska B (2019) Urobiome: in sickness and in health. 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