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The primary endpoint of this study was the treatment outcome established after the end of hospital management assessed at a 4-point scale. The secondary endpoint was defined as the necessity of surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 458 patients with a median age of 4 (IQR 2\u20136) years. After the completed treatment, 319 (69%) participants were found fully recovered; 132 (29%) had transient complications; 2 (0.5%) had persistent complications; and 1 child (0.5%) died. Multivariate analysis revealed that implementation of ibuprofen in pre-treatment management of a child with varicella was associated with a 4.07-fold (2.50\u20136.60) increase in risk of complications after the treatment and it was associated with 2.87 times (1.39\u20135.89) higher risk of surgical intervention necessity. For other pre-hospital interventions (implementation of acyclovir, antibiotics or antihistaminics) no significant impact was observed. GAS infection increased the necessity of surgical intervention by 7.51 (3.64\u201315.49) times.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-third of patients treated for bacterial complications of varicella have post-treatment complications, most of them transient. GAS infection increases the need for surgical intervention. The use of ibuprofen in the treatment of varicella significantly increases the risk of complications and the need for surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04944-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T08:01:39Z","timestamp":1726905699000},"page":"2293-2300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Treatment outcomes and their predictors in children hospitalized with varicella complicated by bacterial superinfections after pandemic of COVID-19 \u2013 a retrospective multicenter analysis of real-life data in Poland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Pokorska-\u015apiewak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Szenborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Marczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Mania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Stopyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Moppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacper","family":"Toczy\u0142owski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Sulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Szenborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Jasonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Bara\u0144ska-Nowicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianna","family":"Buciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Majda-Stanis\u0142awska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Ciechanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Karny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Kuchar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Figlerowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Paw\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9544","key":"4944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69561-5","volume":"368","author":"U Heininger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heininger U, Seward JF (2006) Varicella Lancet 368(9544):1365\u20131376","journal-title":"Varicella Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"4944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004254","volume":"43","author":"SA Kujawski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kujawski SA, Casey CS, Haas H, Patel A, Diomatari C, Holbrook T et al (2024) Clinical and economic Burden of Antibiotic Use among Pediatric patients with varicella infection in the outpatient setting: a retrospective cohort analysis of real-world data in France. 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