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NM can currently be treated with most antibiotics and generally has a wild-type susceptibility profile, whereas NG is increasingly resistant even in the first line of treatment. These pathogens share 80\u201390% genetic identity and can asymptomatically cohabit the pharynx. While AMR has historically been rare for NM, recent reports show this to be an emerging clinical concern. Extensively drug-resistant NG are reported globally, with data available from 73 countries, and can lead to treatment failure. Importantly, Neisseria<\/jats:italic> commensals within the normal microbiota in the pharynx can act as a genetic reservoir of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Novel oral antibiotics are urgently needed to treat a growing threat from antibiotic-resistant NG, recognized as a major global concern to public health by the World Health Organization. Numerous vaccines are available to prevent IMD, but none are approved for gonorrhea. Research to identify suitable candidates is ongoing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Holistic management of AMR in IMD and gonorrhea should couple judicious use of existing antibiotics, optimization of vaccination programs, and development of novel antibiotics and vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04968-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T11:09:17Z","timestamp":1732705757000},"page":"233-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Management and prevention of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in the context of evolving antimicrobial resistance trends"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2521-5166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen S.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-2214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3850-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Berlaimont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4777-7098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aruni","family":"Mulgirigama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4034-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo-Yun","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1603-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9atrice","family":"Ber\u00e7ot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9480-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shravani","family":"Bobde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4968_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9010010","volume":"9","author":"MV Humbert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Humbert MV, Christodoulides M (2019) Atypical, yet not infrequent, infections with Neisseria species. 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Author HSM\u2019s institution receives funding for sponsored studies from GSK, Pfizer, Sanofi-Pasteur. Author HSM receives no personal funding from Industry. Authors SB, AM, VB, and WS are employees of GSK and may hold stock or stock options. Author SB holds patents on antimicrobial peptides and related methods issued prior to employment at GSK and before this work began. Author JM has received institutional grants and personal fees for advisory boards from Gilead, Helix, and Merck. Author BB declares no financial or non-financial competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}