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Murine typhus (MT) is identified as the leading cause, followed by Q fever (QF).\u00a0The incidence of MT is the highest reported nationally and comparable to the highest in Europe, with 39.6 cases\u00a0per 100,000 inhabitants in La Palma and 79.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in El Hierro. Q fever, known to be\u00a0endemic to the Canary Islands, presents incidences of 26.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in La Palma and 15.6\u00a0cases per 100,000 inhabitants in El Hierro. MT shows no gender differences and has a homogeneous geographical\u00a0distribution. In contrast, QF is more prevalent in men and has a heterogeneous geographical distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high incidence of MT found in both urban and peri-urban areas is particularly noteworthy. Its potential connection with climate change and\/or the growth of the reservoir population in the Canary Islands remains unknown. MT's similarity to QF in terms of clinical signs and treatment, coupled with the absence of a specific protocol for early diagnosis, may have contributed to its underdiagnosis. MT can lead to significant health concerns, including risk of hospitalization, complications, and even death. 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