{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:49:00Z","timestamp":1790948940157,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Top Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health","award":["HB2023090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HB2023090"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Wuxi Health Committee: General Program","award":["M202407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M202407"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05103-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T16:44:19Z","timestamp":1742748259000},"page":"1357-1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evolving patterns of healthcare-associated infections in NICU: a five-year retrospective analysis from a tertiary children\u2019s hospital in China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouzhu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.02.003","volume":"91","author":"C Legeay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Legeay C, Bourigault C, Lepelletier D, Zahar JR (2015) Prevention of healthcare-associated infections in neonates: room for improvement. J Hosp Infect 91(4):319\u2013323","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"5103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.03.011","volume":"48","author":"J Johnson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson J, Akinboyo IC, Schaffzin JK (2021) Infection prevention in the neonatal intensive care unit. Clin Perinatol 48(2):413\u2013429","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"9465","key":"5103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71881-X","volume":"365","author":"AK Zaidi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zaidi AK, Huskins WC, Thaver D, Bhutta ZA, Abbas Z, Goldmann DA (2005) Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries. Lancet 365(9465):1175\u20131188","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"5103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmu079","volume":"61","author":"A Zea-Vera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zea-Vera A, Ochoa TJ (2015) Challenges in the diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis. J Trop Pediatr 61(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F257","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306213","volume":"100","author":"Y Dong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dong Y, Speer CP (2015) Late-onset neonatal sepsis: recent developments. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 100(3):F257\u2013F263","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"5103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.08.005","volume":"11","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S, Shankar B, Arya S, Deb M, Chellani H (2018) Healthcare associated infections in neonatal intensive care unit and its correlation with environmental surveillance. J Infect Public Health 11(2):275\u2013279","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"s464","key":"5103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02547.x","volume":"101","author":"T Stevens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stevens T, Schulman J (2012) Evidence-based approach to preventing central line-associated bloodstream infection in the NICU. Acta Paediatr 101(s464):11\u201316","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"5103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7493.1","volume":"5","author":"E Septimus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Septimus E, Moody J (2016) Prevention of device-related healthcare-associated infections. F1000Research 5:65","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"5103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.127","volume":"37","author":"RL McMullan","year":"2016","unstructured":"McMullan RL, Gordon A (2016) Impact of a central line infection prevention bundle in newborn infants. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 37(9):1029\u20131036","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5103_CR10","first-page":"314","volume":"81","author":"Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China (2001) Diagnostic criteria for nosocomial infections (trial). Chin Med J 81(5):314\u2013320","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"5103_CR11","first-page":"1129","volume":"22","author":"National Health Industry Standard of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2023","unstructured":"National Health Industry Standard of the People\u2019s Republic of China (2023) Standard for healthcare associated infection surveillance (WS\/T 312 2023). Chin J Infect Control 22(9):1129\u20131142","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Control"},{"issue":"70","key":"5103_CR12","first-page":"186","volume":"7","author":"LJ Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song LJ (2020) Methods and analysis of targeted surveillance of hospital-acquired infections in high-risk neonates. Electron J Clin Med Lit 7(70):186\u2013187","journal-title":"Electron J Clin Med Lit"},{"issue":"1","key":"5103_CR13","first-page":"125","volume":"33","author":"L Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang L, Li XY, Liao Z, Chen QY, Zeng Y (2023) Clinical characteristics and risk factors for nosocomial infection in neonates of NICU. Chin J Nosocomiol 33(1):125\u2013128","journal-title":"Chin J Nosocomiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00150-X","volume":"16","author":"JE Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller JE, Hammond GC, Strunk T, Moore HC, Leonard H, Carter KW et al (2016) Association of gestational age and growth measures at birth with infection-related admissions to hospital throughout childhood: a population-based, data-linkage study from Western Australia. Lancet Infect Dis 16(8):952\u2013961","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2022.101345","volume":"27","author":"N Fleiss","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fleiss N, Tarun S, Polin RA (2022) Infection prevention for extremely low birth weight infants in the NICU. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 27(3):101345","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"5103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1086\/668425","volume":"33","author":"SN Hocevar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hocevar SN, Edwards JR, Horan TC, Morrell GC, Iwamoto M, Lessa FC (2012) Device-associated infections among neonatal intensive care unit patients: incidence and associated pathogens reported to the National healthcare safety network, 2006\u20132008. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 33(12):1200\u20131206","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2023.03.004","volume":"99","author":"J Torres-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Torres-Mu\u00f1oz J, Hoyos IV, Murillo J, Holguin J, D\u00e1valos D, L\u00f3pez E, Torres-Figueroa S (2023) Device-associated infections in neonatal care units in a middle-income country, 2016\u20132018. J Pediatr (Rio J) 99(5):485\u2013491","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030567","volume":"10","author":"RP Menezes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Menezes RP, Marques LA, Silva FF, Silva NBS, Alves PGV, Bessa MAS et al (2022) Inanimate surfaces and air contamination with multidrug resistant species of Staphylococcus in the neonatal intensive care unit environment. Microorganisms 10(3):567","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"2","key":"5103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01745-7","volume":"91","author":"DD Flannery","year":"2022","unstructured":"Flannery DD, Chiotos K, Gerber JS, Puopolo KM (2022) Neonatal multidrug-resistant gram-negative infection: epidemiology, mechanisms of resistance, and management. Pediatr Res 91(2):380\u2013391","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"5103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2023.093","volume":"5","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhang J, Wu Y (2023) National action plan in antimicrobial resistance using framework analysis for China. China CDC Wkly 5(22):492","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"issue":"2","key":"5103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2253806","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.53806","volume":"6","author":"KZ Ya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ya KZ, Win PTN, Bielicki J, Lambiris M, Fink G (2023) Association between antimicrobial stewardship programs and antibiotic use globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 6(2):e2253806","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"5103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00901-2","volume":"10","author":"DR Bhatta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhatta DR, Subramanya SH, Hamal D, Shrestha R, Gauchan E, Basnet S et al (2021) Bacterial contamination of neonatal intensive care units: how safe are the neonates? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 10:1\u20136","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"5103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15020123","volume":"15","author":"K Lakshmanan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lakshmanan K, Liu BM (2025) Impact of Point-of-Care testing on diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable viral infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 15(2):123","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00790-5","volume":"12","author":"J Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu J, Zhou P, Liu J, Zhao L, Fu H, Han Q et al (2023) Utilizing metagenomic Next-Generation sequencing (mNGS) for rapid pathogen identification and to inform clinical Decision-Making: results from a large Real-World cohort. Infect Dis Ther 12(4):1175\u20131187","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"5103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70136","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70136","volume":"97","author":"BM Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu BM, Yao Q, Cruz-Cosme R, Yarbrough C, Draper K, Suslovic W et al (2025) Genetic conservation and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 envelope gene across variants of concern. J Med Virol 97(1):e70136","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5103_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2021.1906652","volume":"21","author":"L Moragues-Solanas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moragues-Solanas L, Scotti R, O\u2019Grady J (2021) Rapid metagenomics for diagnosis of bloodstream and respiratory tract nosocomial infections: current status and future prospects. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 21(4):371\u2013380","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"3","key":"5103_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20182286","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2286","volume":"143","author":"JY Ting","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ting JY, Roberts A, Sherlock R, Ojah C, Cieslak Z, Dunn M, Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators et al (2019) Duration of initial empirical antibiotic therapy and outcomes in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 143(3):e20182286","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5103_CR28","first-page":"6","volume":"21","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhang CH, Fan FC (2022) Application of proactive screening to prevent and control multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in ICU patients. Chin J Infect Control 21(2):6","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Control"},{"key":"5103_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919403","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.919403","volume":"10","author":"A Dramowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dramowski A, Aucamp M, Beales E, Bekker A, Cotton MF, Fitzgerald FC et al (2022) Healthcare-associated infection prevention interventions for neonates in resource-limited settings. Front Pediatr 10:919403","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05103-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05103-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05103-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T12:57:44Z","timestamp":1748350664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05103-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["5103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05103-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Wuxi Children\u2019s Hospital (WXCH2019-03\u2013001).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}