{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:20:05Z","timestamp":1793920805620,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Medicine Research Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2023-I2M-C&T-A-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-I2M-C&T-A-015"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases Project","award":["BJRID2025-008, BJRID2024-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJRID2025-008, BJRID2024-013"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","award":["NO. L246011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. L246011"]}]},{"name":"Training Plan for High-Level Public Health Technical Talents of Beijing Municipal Health Commission","award":["2022-02-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-02-04"]}]},{"name":"Funding for Reform and Development of Beijing Municipal Health Commission","award":["EYGF-HX-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EYGF-HX-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05230-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:52:12Z","timestamp":1756295532000},"page":"2779-2791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Etiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and macrolide resistance in children in beijing: a retrospective study from 2018 to 2024"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Wanning","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinrong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengsong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy419","volume":"68","author":"PK Kutty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutty PK, Jain S, Taylor TH, Bramley AM, Diaz MH, Ampofo K, Arnold SR, Williams DJ, Edwards KM, McCullers JA, Pavia AT, Winchell JM, Schrag SJ, Hicks LA (2019) Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Diseases: Official Publication Infect Dis Soc Am 68(1):5\u201312","journal-title":"Clin Infect Diseases: Official Publication Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"5230_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870","volume":"372","author":"S Jain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jain S, Williams DJ, Arnold SR, Ampofo K, Bramley AM, Reed C, Stockmann C, Anderson EJ, Grijalva CG, Self WH, Zhu Y, Patel A, Hymas W, Chappell JD, Kaufman RA, Kan JH, Dansie D, Lenny N, Hillyard DR, Haynes LM, Levine M, Lindstrom S, Winchell JM, Katz JM, Erdman D, Schneider E, Hicks LA, Wunderink RG, Edwards KM, Pavia AT, McCullers JA, Finelli L, Team CES (2015) Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children. N Engl J Med 372(9):835\u2013845","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4810-9","volume":"20","author":"E Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee E, Kim C-H, Lee YJ, Kim H-B, Kim B-S, Kim HY, Kim Y, Kim S, Park C, Seo J-H, Sol IS, Sung M, Song MS, Song DJ, Ahn YM, Oh HL, Yu J, Jung S, Lee KS, Lee JS, Jang GC, Jang Y-Y, Chung EH, Chung HL, Choi S-M, Choi YJ, Han MY, Shim JY, Kim JT, Kim C-K, Yang H-J (2020) Pneumonia, Allergy RDSGoKAoP, Disease R Annual and seasonal patterns in etiologies of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia due to respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae requiring hospitalization in South Korea. BMC Infect Dis 20(1):132","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5230_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00513","volume":"7","author":"GL Parrott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parrott GL, Kinjo T, Fujita J (2016) A compendium for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 7:513","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5230_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424554","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1424554","volume":"14","author":"J You","year":"2024","unstructured":"You J, Zhang L, Chen W, Wu Q, Zhang D, Luo Z, Fu Z (2024) Epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hospitalized children before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in Chongqing, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14:1424554","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00783-x","volume":"20","author":"C Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan C, Xue G-H, Zhao H-Q, Feng Y-L, Cui J-H, Yuan J (2024) Current status of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in China. World J Pediatrics: WJP 20(1):1\u20134","journal-title":"World J Pediatrics: WJP"},{"key":"5230_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Contes KM, Liu BM (2025) Epidemiology, clinical significance, and diagnosis of respiratory viruses and their co-infections in the Post-COVID era. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 14(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens14030262","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030262"},{"issue":"48","key":"5230_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30547","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013182117","volume":"117","author":"RE Baker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baker RE, Park SW, Yang W, Vecchi GA, Metcalf CJE, Grenfell BT (2020) The impact of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on the future dynamics of endemic infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117(48):30547\u201330553","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5230_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270709","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1270709","volume":"11","author":"STA Awaidy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Awaidy STA, Ghazy RM, Mahomed O, Wesonga R (2023) Editorial: the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on communicable diseases. Front Public Health 11:1270709","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"5230_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230621","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.230621","volume":"10","author":"J Molla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Molla J, Farhang-Sardroodi S, Moyles IR, Heffernan JM (2023) Pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Royal Soc Open Sci 10(12):230621","journal-title":"Royal Soc Open Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5230_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00385","volume":"10","author":"AB Boehm","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boehm AB, Wolfe MK, White BJ, Hughes B, Duong D, Bidwell A (2023) More than a tripledemic: influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2, and human metapneumovirus in wastewater during winter 2022\u20132023. Environ Sci Technol Lett 10(8):622\u2013627","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"5230_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0116124","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01161-24","volume":"12","author":"P Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao P, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhao M, Zhao M, Tan H, Tie Y, Feng Z (2024) Epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic and after easing of COVID-19 restrictions. Microbiol Spectr 12(11):e0116124","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"20","key":"5230_CR13","first-page":"e2410513","volume":"12","author":"L Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen L, Guo Y, L\u00f3pez-G\u00fcell K, Ma J, Dong Y, Xie J, Alhambra DP (2025) Immunity debt for seasonal influenza after the COVID-19 pandemic and as a result of nonpharmaceutical interventions: an ecological analysis and cohort study. Adv Sci (Weinheim Baden-Wurttemberg Germany) 12(20):e2410513","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinheim Baden-Wurttemberg Germany)"},{"issue":"7","key":"5230_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7307a3","volume":"73","author":"C Edens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Edens C, Clopper BR, DeVies J, Benitez A, McKeever ER, Johns D, Wolff B, Selvarangan R, Schuster JE, Weinberg GA, Szilagyi PG, Dawood FS, Radhakrishnan L, Quigley C, Sahni LC, Halasa N, Stewart LS, McMorrow ML, Whitaker B, Zerr DM, Avadhanula V, Williams JV, Michaels MG, Kite-Powell A, Englund JA, Staat MA, Hartnett K, Moline HL, Cohen AL, Diaz M (2024) Notes from the field: reemergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children and adolescents after the COVID-19 pandemic, United States, 2018\u20132024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 73(7):149\u2013151","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"5230_CR15","unstructured":"WHO (2023) Upsurge of respiratory illnesses among children-Northern China.\u00a0https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2023-DON494. Accessed 24 Apr 2025"},{"key":"5230_CR16","unstructured":"CDC (2024) Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections have been increasing. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncird\/whats-new\/mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infections-have-been-increasing.html. Accessed\u00a024 Apr 2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"5230_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.101019","volume":"6","author":"group EMs","year":"2025","unstructured":"group EMs (2025) Global Spatiotemporal dynamics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae re-emergence after COVID-19 pandemic restrictions: an epidemiological and transmission modelling study. Lancet Microbe 6(4):101019","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"7","key":"5230_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3007.240315","volume":"30","author":"S Edouard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Edouard S, Boughammoura H, Colson P, Scola BL, Fournier P-E, Fenollar F (2024) Large-scale outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, Marseille, France, 2023\u20132024. Emerg Infect Dis 30(7):1481\u20131484","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2332680","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2332680","volume":"13","author":"AD Urbieta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Urbieta AD, Casti\u00f1eiras GB, Calle IR, Seco JP, Tenreiro CR, Camacho RS, Bernal MLPDM, Torres FM (2024) Mycoplasma pneumoniae at the rise not only in china: rapid increase of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases also in Spain. Emerg Microbes Infections 13(1):2332680","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infections"},{"key":"5230_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101103","volume":"47","author":"KHS Dungu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dungu KHS, Holm M, Hartling U, Jensen LH, Nielsen AB, Schmidt LS, Toustrup LB, Hansen LH, Dahl KW, Matthesen KT, Nordholm AC, Uldum S, Emborg H-D, Rytter MJH, Nygaard U (2024) Mycoplasma pneumoniae incidence, phenotype, and severity in children and adolescents in Denmark before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide multicentre population-based cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Europe 47:101103","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Europe"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70136","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70136","volume":"97","author":"BM Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu BM, Yao Q, Cruz-Cosme R, Yarbrough C, Draper K, Suslovic W, Muhammad I, Contes KM, Hillyard DR, Teng S, Tang Q (2025) Genetic conservation and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 envelope gene across variants of concern. J Med Virol 97(1):e70136","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ped4.12469","volume":"9","author":"Subspecialty Group of Respiratory tSoP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Subspecialty Group of Respiratory tSoP, Chinese Medical Association, Diseases CNCRCoR, Editorial Board CJoP (2025) Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children (2023). Pediatr Invest 9(1):1\u201311","journal-title":"Pediatr Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"5230_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.170106","volume":"23","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Oishi T, Miyata I, Wakabayashi S, Kono M, Ono S, Kato A, Fukuda Y, Saito A, Kondo E, Teranishi H, Tanaka Y, Wakabayashi T, Akaike H, Ogita S, Ohno N, Nakano T, Terada K, Ouchi K (2017) Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, Japan, 2008\u20132015. Emerg Infect Dis 23(10):1703\u20131706","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"5230_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2220949","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.20949","volume":"5","author":"K Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim K, Jung S, Kim M, Park S, Yang H-J, Lee E (2022) Global trends in the proportion of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 5(7):e2220949","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"5230_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e515","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00405-6","volume":"5","author":"H Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li H, Li S, Yang H, Chen Z, Zhou Z (2024) Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by macrolide-resistant epidemic clones in China. Lancet Microbe 5(6):e515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00405-6","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"5230_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122428","author":"T Oishi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oishi T, Yoshioka D, Nakano T, Ouchi K (2022) Recent trend of antimicrobial susceptibility among Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated from Japanese children. Microorganisms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10122428","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"9","key":"5230_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-024-00831-0","volume":"20","author":"Y-S Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y-S, Zhou Y-L, Bai G-N, Li S-X, Xu D, Chen L-N, Chen X, Dong X-Y, Fu H-M, Fu Z, Hao C-L, Hong J-G, Liu E-M, Liu H-M, Lu X-X, Luo Z-X, Tang L-F, Tian M, Yin Y, Zhang X-B, Zhang J-H, Zhang H-L, Zhao D-Y, Zhao S-Y, Zhu G-H, Zou Y-X, Lu Q, Zhang Y-Y, Chen Z-M (2024) Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. World J Pediatrics: WJP 20(9):901\u2013914","journal-title":"World J Pediatrics: WJP"},{"key":"5230_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu BM (2025) Isothermal nucleic acid amplification technologies and CRISPR-Cas-Based nucleic acid detection strategies for infectious diseases diagnostics. In: Hayden RTC, Karen C, Dekker JP, McAdam AJ, Wolk DM (eds) Manual of molecular microbiology: fundamentals and applications. Wiley, Washington, DC, USA, pp 30\u201347","DOI":"10.1002\/9781683674597.ch3"},{"issue":"10","key":"5230_CR29","first-page":"920","volume":"62","author":"Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases SoP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases SoP, Chinese Medical Association, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, Pediatric Branch, China Medical Education Association (2024) Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in children (2024 revision). Chin J Pediatr 62(10):920\u2013930","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"5230_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e436","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00115-X","volume":"2","author":"T Diaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diaz T, Strong KL, Cao B, Guthold R, Moran AC, Moller AB, Requejo J, Sadana R, Thiyagarajan JA, Adebayo E, Akwara E, Amouzou A, Aponte Varon JJ, Azzopardi PS, Boschi-Pinto C, Carvajal L, Chandra-Mouli V, Crofts S, Dastgiri S, Dery JS, Elnakib S, Fagan L, Jane Ferguson B, Fitzner J, Friedman HS, Hagell A, Jongstra E, Kann L, Chatterji S, English M, Glaziou P, Hanson C, Hosseinpoor AR, Marsh A, Morgan AP, Munos MK, Noor A, Pavlin BI, Pereira R, Porth TA, Schellenberg J, Siddique R, You D, Vaz LME, Banerjee A (2021) A call for standardised age-disaggregated health data. Lancet Healthy Longev 2(7):e436\u2013e443","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"5230_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.05.20075-en","author":"A Lenglet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lenglet A, Herrador Z, Magiorakos AP, Leitmeyer K, Coulombier D, surveillance EWGoMp (2012) Surveillance status and recent data for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the European Union and European Economic Area, January 2012. Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 17(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/ese.17.05.20075-en","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-023-01066-3","volume":"12","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang W, Wu Y, Wen B, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yin W, Sun S, Wei X, Sun H, Zhang Z, Li S, Guo Y (2023) Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 reduced the incidence of infectious diseases: a controlled interrupted time-series study. Infect Dis Poverty 12(1):15","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"5230_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-03732-w","author":"G Conroy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Conroy G (2023) What\u2019s behind China\u2019s mysterious wave of childhood pneumonia? Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-023-03732-w","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"5230_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26608","volume":"331","author":"R Rubin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rubin R (2024) From immunity debt to immunity theft-how COVID-19 might be tied to recent respiratory disease surges. JAMA 331(5):378\u2013381","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"5230_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac170","volume":"77","author":"G Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang G, Wu P, Tang R, Zhang W (2022) Global prevalence of resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 77(9):2353\u20132363","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353298","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2353298","volume":"13","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Y, Yang C, Sun P, Zeng F, Wang Q, Wu J, Fang C, Zhang C, Wang J, Gu Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Yang B, Yang J, Zhang H, Lian J, Zhang J, Huang L, Lian Q (2024) Epidemic features and megagenomic analysis of childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae post COVID-19 pandemic: a 6-year study in Southern China. Emerg Microbes Infections 13(1):2353298","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infections"},{"key":"5230_CR37","first-page":"26","volume":"83","author":"J Qu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qu J, Chen S, Bao F, Gu L, Cao B (2019) Molecular characterization and analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among patients of all ages with community-acquired pneumonia during an epidemic in China. Int J Infect Diseases: IJID: Official Publication Int Soc Infect Dis 83:26\u201331","journal-title":"Int J Infect Diseases: IJID: Official Publication Int Soc Infect Dis"},{"key":"5230_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi J, Li H, Li H, Wang Z, Zhang S, Meng X, Zhao X, Yuan E, Zhang L (2025) Epidemiological changes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children before, during, and post the COVID-19 pandemic in Henan, China, from 2017 to 2024. Microbiology Spectrum 13(7):e0312124","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03121-24"},{"issue":"4","key":"5230_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.10.002","volume":"54","author":"T-A Tsai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsai T-A, Tsai C-K, Kuo K-C, Yu H-R (2021) Rational stepwise approach for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi 54(4):557\u2013565","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi"},{"issue":"12","key":"5230_CR40","first-page":"1137","volume":"62","author":"Subspecialty Group of Respiratory tSoP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Subspecialty Group of Respiratory tSoP, Chinese Medical Association, Diseases CNCRCoR, Editorial Board CJoP (2024) Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children (2023). Zhonghua Er Ke Za zhi = Chinese. J Pediatr 62(12):1137\u20131144","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5230_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00114-16","volume":"30","author":"KB Waites","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF, Atkinson TP (2017) Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev 30(3):747\u2013809","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5230_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2017.9.4.340","volume":"9","author":"JH Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim JH, Kim JY, Yoo CH, Seo WH, Yoo Y, Song DJ, Choung JT (2017) Macrolide resistance and its impacts on M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children: comparison of two recent epidemics in Korea. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 9(4):340\u2013346","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482703","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2025.2482703","volume":"14","author":"Y Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun Y, Li P, Jin R, Liang Y, Yuan J, Lu Z, Liang J, Zhang Y, Ren H, Zhang Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Lin C, Li Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Li Y, Huang S, Xu J, Qin T (2025) Characterizing the epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in China in 2022\u20132024: a nationwide cross-sectional study of over 1.6 million cases. Emerg Microbes Infections 14(1):2482703","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infections"},{"key":"5230_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng K, Liao Y, Li X, Zeng D, Ye Y, Chen L, Zeng Z, Zeng Y (2023) Vimentin is an attachment receptor for mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 protein. Microbiology Spectrum 11(2):e0448922.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04489-22"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2078228","volume":"11","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Li M, Luo M, Luo Q, Kang L, Xie H, Wang Y, Yu X, Li A, Dong M, Huang F, Gong C (2022) Mycoplasma pneumoniae triggers pneumonia epidemic in autumn and winter in Beijing: a multicentre, population-based epidemiological study between 2015 and 2020. Emerg Microbes Infect 11(1):1508\u20131517","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"5230_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00793-9","volume":"20","author":"X-B Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X-B, He W, Gui Y-H, Lu Q, Yin Y, Zhang J-H, Dong X-Y, Wang Y-W, Ye Y-Z, Xu H, Wang J-Y, Shen B, Gu D-P, Wang L-B, Wang Y (2024) Current Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic among children in Shanghai: unusual pneumonia caused by usual pathogen. World J Pediatrics: WJP 20(1):5\u201310","journal-title":"World J Pediatrics: WJP"},{"key":"5230_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479311","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1479311","volume":"12","author":"W Kong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kong W, Wang Q, Zhuo J, Zhuang X (2024) The prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children in shandong, China before, during, and after COVID-19. Front Pead 12:1479311","journal-title":"Front Pead"},{"issue":"5","key":"5230_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99149","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v13.i5.99149","volume":"13","author":"T Butpech","year":"2025","unstructured":"Butpech T, Tovichien P (2025) Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. World J Clin Cases 13(5):99149","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"7","key":"5230_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13620","volume":"17","author":"F Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan F, Lv J, Yang Q, Jiang F (2023) Clinical characteristics and serum inflammatory markers of community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. Clin Respir J 17(7):607\u2013617","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"9","key":"5230_CR50","first-page":"1448","volume":"43","author":"LP Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yi LP, Xue J, Ren SL, Shen S, Li ZJ, Qian C, Lin WJ, Tian JM, Zhang T, Shao XJ, Zhao G (2022) Clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and factors associated with co-infections in children. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi\u2009= Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 43(9):1448\u20131454","journal-title":"Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi\u2009= Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi"},{"key":"5230_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020119","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Li S, Zhu C, Zhou R, Leung PHM (2021) Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: pathogenesis and vaccine development. Pathogens. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10020119","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"7","key":"5230_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000928","volume":"166","author":"M Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng M, Schaff AC, Balish MF (2020) Mycoplasma pneumoniae biofilms grown in vitro: traits associated with persistence and cytotoxicity. Microbiology 166(7):629\u2013640","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"5230_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184624","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01846-24","volume":"99","author":"F Alam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alam F, Li Y, Vogt MR (2025) Parechovirus: neglected for too long? J Virol 99(4):e0184624","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"5230_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030434","author":"L Brouwer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brouwer L, Moreni G, Wolthers KC, Pajkrt D (2021) World-wide prevalence and genotype distribution of enteroviruses. Viruses. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13030434","journal-title":"Viruses"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05230-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05230-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05230-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T14:03:02Z","timestamp":1763215382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05230-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05230-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}