{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:16:02Z","timestamp":1773418562146,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05326-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T04:52:29Z","timestamp":1761195149000},"page":"303-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cutaneous botryomycosis: a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5474-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Yaresi","family":"Ramos-Reza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Ortiz-Nu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2045-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandro","family":"Bonifaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0213-0031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Ocampo-Candiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0890-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"Vera-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dionicio Angel","family":"Galarza-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5099-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus Alberto","family":"Cardenas-de la Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03015.x","volume":"35","author":"A Bonifaz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bonifaz A, Carrasco E (1996) Botryomycosis. Int J Dermatol 35:381\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03015.x","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.1083","volume":"23","author":"MW Yencha","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yencha MW, Walker CW, Karakla DW, Simko EJ (2001) Cutaneous botryomycosis of the cervicofacial region. Head Neck 23:594\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.1083","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"5326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4102\/sajr.v10i1.189","volume":"10","author":"J Makama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Makama J, Khan N, Makhanya NZ, H Motswaledi (2006) Botryomycosis. SA J Radiol 10:14\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/sajr.v10i1.189","journal-title":"SA J Radiol"},{"key":"5326_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-018-0176-6","volume":"10","author":"P Bailey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bailey P, Raybould JE, Sastry S, Bearman G (2018) Cutaneous botryomycosis and Staphylococcus aureus: diagnosis, management, and a systemic literature review. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis 10:347\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40506-018-0176-6","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Infect Dis"},{"key":"5326_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0061-2016","volume":"50","author":"WA Eyer-Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eyer-Silva WA, Silva GARD, Ferry FRA, Pinto JFDC (2017) Facial botryomycosis-like pyoderma in an HIV-infected patient: remission after initiation of Darunavir and raltegravir. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 50:277\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0037-8682-0061-2016","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"5326_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(83)70154-4","volume":"9","author":"RC Brunken","year":"1983","unstructured":"Brunken RC, Lichon-Chao N, van der Broek H (1983) Immunologic abnormalities in botryomycosis. A case report with review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 9:428\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0190-9622(83)70154-4","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.09.010","volume":"30","author":"C Padilla-Desgarennes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Padilla-Desgarennes C, V\u00e1zquez-Gonz\u00e1lez D, Bonifaz A (2012) Botryomycosis. Clin Dermatol 30:397\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.09.010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR8","first-page":"931","volume":"28","author":"S Kukulj","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kukulj S, Mehuli\u0107 M, Barisi\u0107 B, Kamauf-Balabani\u0107 B, Krizanac S (2004) Primary pulmonary botryomycosis: case report. Coll Antropol 28:931\u2013936","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"5326_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-023-04527-w","volume":"53","author":"SL Boone","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boone SL, Horvai AE, Zimel MN, Brown R, Link TM, McGill KC (2024) Botryomycosis: a rare mimic of sarcoma as an initial presentation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Skeletal Radiol 53:2315\u20132320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-023-04527-w","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"5326_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00857-2.x","volume":"26","author":"K Karthikeyan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karthikeyan K, Thappa DM, Jeevankumar B (2001) Cutaneous botryomycosis in an agricultural worker. Clin Exp Dermatol 26:456\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00857-2.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15048","volume":"176","author":"TM Razmi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Razmi TM, Mahajan R, Agrawal P (2017) Image gallery: cutaneous botryomycosis at an unusual site in an immunocompetent patient. Br J Dermatol 176:e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.15048","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00709","volume":"19","author":"A Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh A, Cook C, Kollmann K, Rajpara A (2020) Acute cutaneous botryomycosis of the hands. IDCases 19:e00709","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"5326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04299-6","volume":"100","author":"A Pulido-P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pulido-P\u00e9rez A, Berg\u00f3n-Send\u00edn M, Mateos-Mayo A, Parra-Blanco V, Su\u00e1rez-Fern\u00e1ndez R, Carretero-L\u00f3pez F (2021) Cutaneous botryomycosis mimicking ecthyma gangrenosum in a patient treated with ibrutinib. Ann Hematol 100:3065\u20133066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-020-04299-6","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"5326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4172\/1948-5948.1000273","volume":"8","author":"R Chander","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chander R, Agarwal S, Agarwal M et al (1998) Botryomycosis of neck in immunocompetent female- an uncommon presentation. J Microb Biochem Technol 8:120\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/1948-5948.1000273","journal-title":"J Microb Biochem Technol"},{"key":"5326_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.12.3200","volume":"13","author":"GA Follows","year":"1998","unstructured":"Follows GA, Mathew J, Lucas S, Black MJ, Goodship TH (1998) Cutaneous botryomycosis in a patient with lupus nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:3200\u20133201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/13.12.3200","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5326_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_18_347","volume":"36","author":"K John","year":"2018","unstructured":"John K, Gunasekaran K, Kodiatte TA, Iyyadurai R (2018) Cutaneous botryomycosis of the foot: a case report and review of literature. Indian J Med Microbiol 36:447\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_18_347","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"5326_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.02.519","volume":"72","author":"K Flores","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flores K, Padilla-Desgarennes C, Cardona M, Rosas M (2015) Cutaneous botryomycosis: a case report. J Am Acad Dermatol 72:AB125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.02.519","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5326_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00173-5","volume":"15","author":"S Ingen-Housz-Oro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Leprince P, Ortonne N et al (2015) Nodules on a sternotomy scar. Lancet Infect Dis 15:986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00173-5","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5326_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.174167","volume":"61","author":"A Chintaginjala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chintaginjala A, Harshavardhan K, Kumar AS (2016) Cutaneous botryomycosis: a rare case report. Indian J Dermatol 61(1):126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5154.174167","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.piel.2016.09.008","volume":"32","author":"CA Rosero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosero CA, Cabezas-Herrera GF, Cantos-Joza MJ, Obando-Pasmi\u00f1o XA (2016) Botriomicosis cut\u00e1nea, Un Reto diagn\u00f3stico. Piel 32:201\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.piel.2016.09.008","journal-title":"Piel"},{"key":"5326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2016.25.259.10799","volume":"25","author":"JC Cata\u00f1o","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cata\u00f1o JC, Posada V (2016) Disseminated cutaneous infection. Pan Afr Med J 25:259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2016.25.259.10799","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"5326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12519","volume":"58","author":"J Ocampo-Garza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ocampo-Garza J, Welsh-Hern\u00e1ndez E, Ramos-Jim\u00e9nez J et al (2017) Botryomycosis and coccidiomycosis of the foot. Australas J Dermatol 58:239\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajd.12519","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5326_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475418755762","volume":"22","author":"JP DeWitt","year":"2018","unstructured":"DeWitt JP, Stetson CL, Thomas KL, Carroll BJ (2018) Extensive cutaneous botryomycosis with subsequent development of nocardia-positive wound cultures. J Cutan Med Surg 22(3):344\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1203475418755762","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_927_17","volume":"84","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pradhan S, Sirka CS, Panda M, Baisakh M (2018) Cutaneous botryomycosis treated successfully with injectable ceftriaxone sodium in an immunocompetent child. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 84(4):485\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_927_17","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30071-4","volume":"19","author":"S Bender-Saebelkampf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bender-Saebelkampf S, Franke I, Alter M, Tueting T, Gaffal E (2019) Cutaneous and pulmonary botryomycosis. Lancet Infect Dis 19:670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30071-4","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5326_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_845_18","volume":"85","author":"R Misri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Misri R, Khare S, Batrani M, Kar HK (2019) Atypical manifestations of disseminated cutaneous botryomycosis mimicking dermatitis herpetiformis in an immunocompetent adult woman. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 85(5):511\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_845_18","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.1.34","volume":"6","author":"RC Neafie","year":"1993","unstructured":"Neafie RC, Marty AM (1993) Unusual infections in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 6(6):34\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.6.1.34","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5326_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15320","volume":"60","author":"TM Yendo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yendo TM, Valente NS, Nico MMS (2021) Botryomycosis caused by Staphylococcus warneri: the first case reported. Int J Dermatol 60:509\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.15320","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15308","volume":"47","author":"H Shimagaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shimagaki H, Yuki A, Kimura K et al (2020) Case of cutaneous botryomycosis in an 8-year-old immunocompetent boy with a review of the published work. J Dermatol 47:542\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.15308","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.08.289","volume":"127","author":"C Popadiuk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Popadiuk C et al (2021) M148 a case of cutaneous botryomycosis in a patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 127:S93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2021.08.289","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"5326_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16502","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.16502","volume":"13","author":"F Aziz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aziz F, Ong F, Parikh RN, Hamilton AE (2021) A case of cutaneous botryomycosis of the lower leg in a young adult male. Cureus 13:e16502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.16502","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5326_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.10.023","volume":"97","author":"LP Gonz\u00e1lez-Cardona","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cardona LP, Alejo Villamil AM, Cort\u00e9s Correa C, Pe\u00f1aranda Contreras EO (2022) Exophytic botryomycosis: an unusual clinical presentation. An Bras Dermatol 97:536\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abd.2020.10.023","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohanan S, Carounanidy MV U, C S B (2023) Botryomycosis with compressive brachial plexus neuropathy: a rare tropical disease with dermato-neurological association. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 90:99\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/IJDVL_1005_2022","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1005_2022"},{"key":"5326_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.10.010","volume":"124","author":"EE Siddig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siddig EE, Nyuykonge B, Bakheit OEH et al (2022) Staphylococcus aureus causing primary foot botryomycosis mimicking actinomycetoma: a case report from Sudan. Int J Infect Dis 124:224\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.10.010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5326_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1036_2023","volume":"90","author":"WY Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang WY, Cheng ST (2024) Primary cutaneous botryomycosis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 90:831\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/IJDVL_1036_2023","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"5326_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.47895\/amp.v58i17.9010","volume":"58","author":"YRH Ortiz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ortiz YRH, Batac MCFR (2024) Botryomycosis secondary to Staphylococcus simulans masquerading as Mycetoma in a 46-year-old Filipino female. Acta Med Philipp 58:64\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47895\/amp.v58i17.9010","journal-title":"Acta Med Philipp"},{"key":"5326_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conner A, Musiek A, Barnes E, Singh N, Nahmias Z (2024) Botryomycosis associated with retained hair piece and accompanying ethnic hair considerations. Dermatol Online J 30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5070\/D330564440.","DOI":"10.5070\/D330564440"},{"key":"5326_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000368667","volume":"1","author":"MV Heppt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heppt MV, Kamarashev J (2014) Cervicofacial botryomycosis: is atopic dermatitis a predisposing factor? Dermatopathology 1:81\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000368667","journal-title":"Dermatopathology"},{"key":"5326_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.7241\/ourd.20243.13","volume":"15","author":"FC L\u00f3pez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2024","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Jim\u00e9nez FC, Corona-Herrera JM, Chavez-Barajas MJ, Saeb-Lima M, Aguilar-Garc\u00eda A, Mendez-Flores S (2024) Acute ulcerated botryomycosis in an immunocompromised patient. Our Dermatol Online 15:275\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7241\/ourd.20243.13","journal-title":"Our Dermatol Online"},{"key":"5326_CR40","first-page":"45","volume":"80","author":"JT Templet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Templet JT, Straub R, Ko C (2007) Botryomycosis presenting as pruritic papules in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. Cutis 80:45\u201347","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"5326_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.01.421","volume":"70","author":"M Llamas-Velasco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Llamas-Velasco M, Rodr\u00edguez-Peralto JL, Santos-Briz \u00c1, Requena L (2014) Cutaneous botryomycosis in a patient with advanced Fanconi anemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 70:AB101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.01.421","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2013.25.4.410","volume":"25","author":"HY Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park HY, Kim CR, Huh IS et al (2013) Staphylococcus aureus colonization in acute and chronic skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 25:410\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5021\/ad.2013.25.4.410","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(95)00448-3","volume":"11","author":"H Akiyama","year":"1996","unstructured":"Akiyama H, Kanzaki H, Tada J, Arata J (1996) Staphylococcus aureus infection on cut wounds in the mouse skin: experimental staphylococcal botryomycosis. J Dermatol Sci 11:234\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0923-1811(95)00448-3","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"5326_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02054","volume":"11","author":"P Speziale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Speziale P, Pietrocola G (2020) The multivalent role of fibronectin-binding proteins a and b (FnBPA and FnBPB) of Staphylococcus aureus in host infections. Front Microbiol 11:2054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02054","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5326_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030557","volume":"12","author":"MS Linz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Linz MS, Mattappallil A, Finkel D, Parker D (2023) Clinical impact of Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections. Antibiotics 12:557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12030557","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"5","key":"5326_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.117322","volume":"58","author":"B Devi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Devi B, Behera B, Dash M, Puhan M, Pattnaik S, Patro S (2013) Botryomycosis. Indian J Dermatol 58:406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5154.117322","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46651996000500010","volume":"38","author":"IA Conti-Diaz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Conti-Diaz IA, Almeida EA, Rondan M, Algorta G, Otero M (1996) Cutaneous botryomycosis. Report of the two first Uruguayan cases. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 38:375\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0036-46651996000500010","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"5326_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02612.x","volume":"33","author":"P Saadat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saadat P, Ram R, Sohrabian S, Vadmal MS (2008) Botryomycosis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pneumocystis carinii in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 33:266\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02612.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1989.tb03615.x","volume":"15","author":"DJ Leffell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Leffell DJ, Brown MD, Swanson NA (1989) Laser vaporization: a novel treatment of botryomycosis. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 15:703\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1989.tb03615.x","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"5326_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.439","volume":"64","author":"M Lira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lira M, Pinto A, do Valle A, Kuhn M (2011) Botryomycosis: great response to sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim. J Am Acad Dermatol 64:AB100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.439","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"5326_CR51","first-page":"203","volume":"5","author":"MA Vagarali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vagarali MA, Shankar G, Karadesai, Sumati A, Hogade (2012) Botryomycosis due to Staphylococcus aureus-a case report. Al Ameen J Med Sci 5:203\u2013204","journal-title":"Al Ameen J Med Sci"},{"key":"5326_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2003.00596.x","volume":"17","author":"HJ de Vries","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Vries HJ, van Noesel CJ, Hoekzema R, Hulsebosch HJ (2003) Botryomycosis in an HIV-positive subject. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17:87\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2003.00596.x","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"5326_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_370_18","volume":"10","author":"CS Sirka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sirka CS, Dash G, Pradhan S, Naik S, Rout AN, Sahu K (2019) Cutaneous botryomycosis in immunocompetent patients: a case series. Indian Dermatol Online J 10:311\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_370_18","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"5326_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01045.x","volume":"35","author":"MR Hussein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hussein MR (2008) Mucocutaneous splendore-hoeppli phenomenon. J Cutan Pathol 35:979\u2013988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01045.x","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"5326_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.09.005","volume":"41","author":"S Altmayer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Altmayer S, Verma N, Dicks EA, Oliveira A (2020) Imaging musculoskeletal soft tissue infections. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 41:85\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sult.2019.09.005","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"5326_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8070743","volume":"8","author":"X Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao X, Cognetti M, Burch-Smith R, Mejia EO, Mirkin G (2022) Mycetoma: development of diagnosis and treatment. J Fungi 8:743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof8070743","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"5326_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S39601","volume":"7","author":"F Valour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valour F, S\u00e9n\u00e9chal A, Dupieux C et al (2014) Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Infect Drug Resist 7:183\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S39601","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"5326_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Welsh O, Cuellar-Barboza A et al (2020) Climate, soil type, and geographic distribution of actinomycetoma cases in Northeast mexico: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 15:e0232556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0232556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232556"},{"key":"5326_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5876(97)00070-0","volume":"41","author":"DM Ellerbe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ellerbe DM, Parsons DS, Cook PR (1997) Botryomycosis: improved therapy for a difficult infection. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 41:363\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-5876(97)00070-0","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"5326_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2020.01.003","volume":"2","author":"KC Helmig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helmig KC, Anderson MS, Byrd TF, Aubin-Lemay C, Moneim MS (2020) A rare case of Neisseria animaloris hand infection and associated nonhealing wound. J Hand Surg Glob Online 2:113\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsg.2020.01.003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"},{"key":"5326_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1981.01650110061023","volume":"117","author":"MR Leibowitz","year":"1981","unstructured":"Leibowitz MR, Asvat MS, Kalla AA, Wing G (1981) Extensive botryomycosis in a patient with diabetes and chronic active hepatitis. Arch Dermatol 117:739\u2013742","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05326-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05326-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05326-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T13:43:51Z","timestamp":1773409431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05326-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05326-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}