{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:50:50Z","timestamp":1776358250795,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05365-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:16:50Z","timestamp":1764080210000},"page":"827-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early diagnosis of bloodstream infections by Neutrophil-Reactive Intensity (NEUT-RI): a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Morello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Scutell\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Mirandola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"5365_CR1","unstructured":"AMCLI ETS (2023) Percorso Diagnostico \u2013 infezioni del torrente circolatorio Rif. 2023\u201313.\u00a0https:\/\/amcli.it\/percorsi-diagnostici-218\/"},{"issue":"11","key":"5365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","volume":"47","author":"L Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans L et al (2021) Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med 47(11):1181\u20131247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"5365_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW et al (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315:801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5365_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623","volume":"369","author":"DC Angus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Angus DC, van der Poll T (2013) Severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 369:840\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1208623","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5365_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","volume":"43","author":"A Rhodes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rhodes A et al (2017) Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med 43(3):304\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5365_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12195","volume":"19","author":"M Goto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goto M, Al-Hasan MN (2013) Overall burden of bloodstream infection and nosocomial bloodstream infection in North America and Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 19(6):501\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-0691.12195","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"5365_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6890-3-3","volume":"3","author":"DC Doeing","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doeing DC, Borowicz JL, Crockett ET (2003) Gender dimorphism in differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts in mice using cardiac, tail, foot, and saphenous vein puncture methods. BMC Clin Pathol 3:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6890-3-3","journal-title":"BMC Clin Pathol"},{"key":"5365_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.2731","volume":"172","author":"J Mestas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mestas J, Hughes CC (2004) Of mice and not men: differences between mouse and human immunology. J Immunol 172:2731\u20132738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.2731","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5365_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202306457","volume":"11","author":"H Tu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tu H, Ren H, Jiang J, Shao C, Shi Y, Li P (2024) Dying to defend: neutrophil death pathways and their implications in immunity. Adv Sci 11(8):2306457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202306457","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"5365_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00113","volume":"9","author":"C Rosales","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosales C (2018) Neutrophil: a cell with many roles in inflammation or several cell types? Front Physiol 9:113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.00113","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5365_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399","volume":"13","author":"E Kolaczkowska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P (2013) Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 13:159\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3399","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5365_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kruger P, Saffarzadeh M, Weber AN, Rieber N, Radsak M, Bernuth H, Benarafa C, Roos D, Skokowa J, Hartl D (2015) Neutrophils: between host defence, immune modulation, and tissue injury. PLoS Pathog 11:e1004651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004651","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004651"},{"key":"5365_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653","volume":"23","author":"AW Segal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Segal AW (2005) How neutrophils kill microbes. Annu Rev Immunol 23:197\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5365_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","volume":"303","author":"V Brinkmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, Fauler B, Uhlemann Y, Weiss DS, Weinrauch Y, Zychlinsky A (2004) Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science 303:1532\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1092385","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5365_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.3.860","volume":"136","author":"DA Bass","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bass DA, Olbrantz P, Szejda P, Seeds MC, McCall CE (1986) Subpopulations of neutrophils with increased oxidative product formation in blood of patients with infection. J Immunol 136:860\u2013866","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5365_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0804442","volume":"78","author":"FR Sheppard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sheppard FR, Kelher MR, Moore EE, McLaughlin NJ, Banerjee A, Silliman CC (2005) Structural organization of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase: phosphorylation and translocation during priming and activation. J Leukoc Biol 78:1025\u20131042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0804442","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"5365_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204524","volume":"71","author":"E Urrechaga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Urrechaga E, Boveda O, Aguirre U (2018) Role of leucocytes cell population data in the early detection of sepsis. J Clin Pathol 71:259\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204524","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"5365_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-0979","volume":"57","author":"E Urrechaga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Urrechaga E, Boveda O, Aguirre U (2019) Improvement in detecting sepsis using leukocyte cell population data (CPD). Clin Chem Lab Med 57:918\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2018-0979","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"5365_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03222-w","volume":"7","author":"RJ Dinsdale","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dinsdale RJ, Devi A, Hampson P, Wearn CM, Bamford AL, Hazeldine J, Bishop J, Ahmed S, Watson C, Lord JM et al (2017) Changes in novel hematological parameters following thermal injury: a prospective observational cohort study. Sci Rep 7:3211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-03222-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5365_CR20","first-page":"173","volume":"53","author":"J Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee J, Gu J, Seo JE, Kim JW, Kim HK (2023) Diagnostic and prognostic values of neutrophil reactivity intensity (NEUT-RI) in pediatric systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. Ann Clin Lab Sci 53:173\u2013180","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5365_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14080821","volume":"14","author":"P Formenti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Formenti P, Isidori L, Pastori S, Roccaforte V, Mantovani EA, Iezzi M, Menozzi A, Panella R, Galimberti A, Brenna G, Umbrello M, Pezzi A, Vetrone F, Sabbatini G, Gotti M (2024) A secondary retrospective analysis of the predictive value of Neutrophil-Reactive Intensity (NEUT-RI) in septic and non-septic patients in intensive care. Diagnostics 14(8):821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14080821","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"5365_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/701480","volume":"2015","author":"C Leli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leli C, Ferranti M, Moretti A, Al Dhahab ZS, Cenci E, Mencacci A (2015) Procalcitonin levels in gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal bloodstream infections. Dis Markers 2015:701480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/701480","journal-title":"Dis Markers"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05365-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05365-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05365-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:39:54Z","timestamp":1773495594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05365-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["5365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05365-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the University of Molise\u2019s bioethics board, approval number 31066, on 4 June 2025.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}