{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T19:43:19Z","timestamp":1773517399478,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05372-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T01:01:59Z","timestamp":1765501319000},"page":"877-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synergistic activity of fosfomycin combined with old and new oxazolidinones (linezolid, contezolid, delpazolid, and sutezolid) against bloodstream isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Verena","family":"Zerbato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan Alexandru","family":"Toc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lagatolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5372_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-18","author":"M Garc\u00eda-Solache","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Solache M, Rice LB (2019) The enterococcus: a model of adaptability to its environment. Clin Microbiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00058-18. 20;32","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5372_CR2","unstructured":"Gilmore MS, Clewell DB, Ike Y, Shankar N (2014) Enterococci From Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection.\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24649510\/"},{"key":"5372_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070601","author":"V Zerbato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zerbato V, Pol R, Sanson G, Suru DA, Pin E, Tabolli V et al (2024) Risk factors for 30-day mortality in nosocomial enterococcal bloodstream infections. Antibiotics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13070601","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"5372_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411577","volume":"18","author":"P \u0218chiopu","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u0218chiopu P, Toc DA, Colosi IA, Costache C, Ruospo G, Berar G et al (2023) An Overview of the Factors Involved in Biofilm Production by the Genus. Int J Mol Sci 18:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241411577","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5372_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070857","volume":"26","author":"C Geraldes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geraldes C, Tavares L, Gil S, Oliveira M (2022) Virulence and Resistant Traits Associated with Its Permanence in the Hospital Environment. Antibiotics (Basel) 26:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11070857","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"5372_CR6","unstructured":"WHO bacterial priority pathogens list (2024) Bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance.\u00a0https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240093461. Accessed 7 Jul 2025"},{"key":"5372_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.10.029","volume":"27","author":"E Rosselli Del Turco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosselli Del Turco E, Bartoletti M, Dahl A, Cervera C, Peric\u00e0s JM (2021) How do i manage a patient with enterococcal bacteraemia? Clin Microbiol Infect 27:364\u201371","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"5372_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.10.003","volume":"23","author":"A Egli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Egli A, Schmid H, Kuenzli E, Widmer AF, Battegay M, Plagge H et al (2017) Association of daptomycin use with resistance development in Enterococcus faecium bacteraemia-a 7-year individual and population-based analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 23:118.e1\u2013118.e7","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"5372_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2018.10.002","volume":"40","author":"JK Bender","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bender JK, Cattoir V, Hegstad K, Sadowy E, Coque TM, Westh H et al (2018) Update on prevalence and mechanisms of resistance to linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin in enterococci in Europe: towards a common nomenclature. Drug Resist Updat 40:25\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drup.2018.10.002","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"5372_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091116","volume":"16","author":"B Ba\u00ebtz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ba\u00ebtz B, Boudrioua A, Hartke A, Giraud C (2021) Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant and. Antibiotics (Basel) 16:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics10091116","journal-title":"Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant and. Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"5372_CR11","first-page":"52","volume":"23","author":"RM Antonello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antonello RM, Canetti D, Riccardi N (2022) Daptomycin synergistic properties from in vitro and in vivo studies: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 23:78:52\u201377","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"5372_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04704-8","volume":"43","author":"RM Antonello","year":"2024","unstructured":"Antonello RM, Riccardi N, Saderi L, Sotgiu G (2024) Synergistic properties of linezolid against Enterococcus spp. isolates: a systematic review from in vitro studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 43:17\u201331","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"5372_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00068-15","volume":"29","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Vouloumanou EK, Samonis G, Vardakas KZ (2016) Fosfomycin. Clin Microbiol Rev 29:321\u201347","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5372_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zerbato V, Sanson G, Fusaro L, Gerussi V, Sincovich S, Dellai F et al (2025) Intravenous fosfomycin for difficult-to-treat infections: a real-life multicentric study in Italy. Antibiot (Basel Switzerland) 14:401. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40298561\/","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040401"},{"key":"5372_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2174\/1568005014606099","volume":"1","author":"CW Ford","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ford CW, Zurenko GE, Barbachyn MR (2001) The discovery of linezolid, the first oxazolidinone antibacterial agent. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 1:181\u2013199","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord"},{"key":"5372_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu X, Huo F, Wang F, Wen S, Jiang G, Xue Y et al (2021) In vitro antimicrobial activity comparison of Linezolid, Tedizolid, sutezolid and delpazolid against slowly growing mycobacteria isolated in Beijing, China. Infection and drug resistance 9:14. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34785916\/","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S332835"},{"key":"5372_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wen S, Gao X, Zhao W, Huo F, Jiang G, Dong L et al (2021) Comparison of the in vitro activity of linezolid, tedizolid, sutezolid, and delpazolid against rapidly growing mycobacteria isolated in Beijing, China. Int J Infect Dis 109:253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.06.055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.06.055"},{"key":"5372_CR18","first-page":"14","volume":"24","author":"J Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong J, Cheng Q, Tang C, Zhong Y, Wang J, Lv M et al (2025) Comparative in vitro drug susceptibility study of five Oxazolidinones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hainan, China. Pathogens (Basel Switzerland) 24:14. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40137704\/","journal-title":"Pathogens (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"5372_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0088921","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00889-21","volume":"18","author":"Q Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo Q, Xu L, Tan F, Zhang Y, Fan J, Wang X et al (2021) A novel Oxazolidinone, contezolid (MRX-I), expresses Anti-Mycobacterium abscessus activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 18:65:e0088921","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5372_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01526-13","volume":"6","author":"C-R Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li C-R, Zhai Q-Q, Wang X-K, Hu X-X, Li G-Q, Zhang W-X et al (2014) In vivo antibacterial activity of MRX-I, a new Oxazolidinone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 6:58:2418\u20132421","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5372_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang XK, Yu J, Xie CY, Hu XX, Nie TY, Li X et al (2023) In vivo pharmacodynamic study of contezolid acefosamil, a prodrug of contezolid for oral and intravenous administration. J Antimicrob Chemother 5:78.\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37202829\/","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad138"},{"key":"5372_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5359","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00723-10","volume":"54","author":"J-W Jeong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jeong J-W, Jung S-J, Lee H-H, Kim Y-Z, Park T-K, Cho Y-L et al (2010) In vitro and in vivo activities of LCB01-0371, a new oxazolidinone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54:5359\u201362","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5372_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2424","author":"SM Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee SM, Choi SC, Mun KR, Seo JY, Cho YL, Shim TS et al (2024) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling analysis of delpazolid (LCB01-0371) in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. J Clin Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcph.2424","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5372_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094462","volume":"14","author":"RS Wallis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wallis RS, Dawson R, Friedrich SO, Venter A, Paige D, Zhu T et al (2014) Mycobactericidal activity of sutezolid (PNU-100480) in sputum (EBA) and blood (WBA) of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One 14(9):e94462","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5372_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02108-21","volume":"66","author":"P Bruinenberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bruinenberg P, Nedelman J, Yang TJ, Pappas F, Everitt D (2022) Single ascending-dose study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of sutezolid in healthy adult subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 66:19","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5372_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729900","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.729900","volume":"19","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang S, Cai C, Shen Y, Sun C, Shi Q, Wu N et al (2021) Activity of contezolid against Methicillin-Resistant, Vancomycin-Resistant, and strains with linezolid resistance genes from China. Front Microbiol 19:12:729900","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5372_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang W, Li X, Chen J, Zhang G, Li J, Zhang J et al (2024) Multicentre evaluation of in vitro activity of contezolid against drug-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2:79.\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39315881\/","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae331"},{"key":"5372_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2023.43.4.389","volume":"24","author":"JS Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park JS, Choi YJ, Kwon K, Choi SJ, Moon SM, Song K-H et al (2023) In-vitro activity of delpazolid and comparator agents against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus involved in bloodstream infection. Annals Lab Med 24:43:389","journal-title":"Annals Lab Med"},{"key":"5372_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao X, Huang H, Yuan H, Yuan Z, Zhang Y (2022) A phase III multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral contezolid versus linezolid in adults with complicated skin and soft tissue infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 29:77.\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35265985\/","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac073"},{"key":"5372_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi Y, Lee SW, Kim A, Jang K, Nam H, Cho YL et al (2018) Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of 21\u00a0day multiple oral administration of a new oxazolidinone antibiotic, LCB01-0371, in healthy male subjects. J Antimicrob Chemother 1:73\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29069400\/","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx367"},{"key":"5372_CR31","first-page":"567","volume":"15","author":"RS Wallis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wallis RS, Jakubiec W, Kumar V, Bedarida G, Silvia A, Paige D et al (2010) Biomarker-Assisted dose selection for safety and efficacy in early development of PNU-100480 for tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 15:55:567","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5372_CR32","unstructured":"China NMPA Approves MicuRx\u2019s Contezolid for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infection.\u00a0https:\/\/www.micurx.com\/703.html. Accessed 26 Jun 2025"},{"key":"5372_CR33","unstructured":"CLSI M100-ED 34 (2024) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 34th Edition"},{"issue":"11","key":"5372_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101334","volume":"29","author":"C Lagatolla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lagatolla C, Mehat JW, La Ragione RM, Luzzati R, Di Bella S (2022) In Vitro and in vivo studies of Oritavancin and fosfomycin synergism against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. Antibiot 29(11):1334","journal-title":"Antibiot"},{"key":"5372_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doern CD (2014) When does 2 plus 2 equal 5? A review of antimicrobial synergy testing. J Clin Microbiol 52. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24920779\/","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01121-14"},{"key":"5372_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080500","author":"RM Antonello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antonello RM, Principe L, Maraolo AE, Viaggi V, Pol R, Fabbiani M et al (2020) Fosfomycin as partner drug for systemic infection management. A systematic review of its synergistic properties from in vitro and in vivo studies. Antibiotics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics9080500","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"5372_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi C, Xu S, Wu M, Zhu S, Liu Y, Huang H et al (2019) Pharmacodynamics Of Linezolid-Plus-Fosfomycin Against Vancomycin-Susceptible And -Resistant Enterococci In Vitro And In Vivo Of A Galleria mellonella Larval Infection Model. Infection and drug resistance 12:12.\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31814738\/","DOI":"10.1101\/624577"},{"key":"5372_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemapanpairoa J, Changpradub D, Thunyaharn S, Santimaleeworagun W (2019) Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection in a Thai university hospital: clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and synergistic effect. Infection and drug resistance 11:12.\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31372012\/","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S208298"},{"key":"5372_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779885","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.779885","volume":"14","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang S, Liu H, Mao J, Peng Y, Yan Y, Li Y et al (2021) Pharmacodynamics of linezolid plus fosfomycin against Vancomycin\u2013Resistant Enterococcus faecium in a Hollow fiber infection model. Front Microbiol 14:12:779885","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"5372_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7707","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S428485","volume":"19","author":"J Chi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chi J, Li Y, Zhang N, Liu H, Chen Z, Li J et al (2023) Fosfomycin enhances the Inhibition ability of linezolid against biofilms of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium in vitro. IDR 19(16):7707\u20137719","journal-title":"IDR"},{"key":"5372_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foti C, Piperno A, Scala A, Giuffr\u00e8 O (2021) Oxazolidinone antibiotics: Chemical, biological and analytical aspects. Molecules 26:4280. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34299555\/","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26144280"},{"issue":"17","key":"5372_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178207","volume":"26","author":"S Peykov","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peykov S, Kirov B, Strateva T (2025) Linezolid in the focus of antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species: a global overview of genomic studies. Int J Mol Sci 26(17):8207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26178207","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5372_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605962","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.605962","volume":"11","author":"L Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang L, Xie N, Chen M, Liu Y, Wang S, Mao J, Li J, Huang X (2021) Synergistic combination of linezolid and fosfomycin closing each other\u2019s mutant selection window to prevent enterococcal resistance. Front Microbiol 11:605962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.605962","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05372-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05372-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05372-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:39:44Z","timestamp":1773495584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05372-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["5372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05372-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}