{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:00:55Z","timestamp":1780131655732,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["ZR2023MH123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MH123"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05407-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T16:24:16Z","timestamp":1769099056000},"page":"1257-1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Direct identification and susceptibility testing of positive blood cultures: a large-scale evaluation of an ammonium chloride-based in-house workflow"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enhua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"5407_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M et al (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315(8):801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"5407_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.017","volume":"26","author":"B Lamy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lamy B, Sundqvist M, Idelevich EA (2020) Bloodstream infections - Standard and progress in pathogen diagnostics. Clin Microbiol Infect 26(2):142\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"5407_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tabak YP, Vankeepuram L, Ye G, Jeffers K, Gupta V, Murray PR (2018) Blood culture turnaround time in U.S. Acute care hospitals and implications for laboratory process optimization. J Clin Microbiol 56(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00500-18","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00500-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"5407_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.221770","volume":"61","author":"R Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel R (2015) MALDI-TOF MS for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Clin Chem 61(1):100\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2014.221770","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"5407_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14124","volume":"15","author":"CH Yo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yo CH, Shen YH, Hsu WT, Mekary RA, Chen ZR, Lee WJ et al (2022) MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry rapid pathogen identification and outcomes of patients with bloodstream infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Biotechnol 15(10):2667\u20132682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.14124","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5407_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00868-17","volume":"55","author":"ML Faron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Faron ML, Buchan BW, Ledeboer NA (2017) Matrix-Assisted laser desorption Ionization-Time of flight mass spectrometry for use with positive blood cultures: Methodology, Performance, and optimization. J Clin Microbiol 55(12):3328\u20133338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00868-17","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5407_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632679","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.632679","volume":"11","author":"Y Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai Y, Xu X, Yan X, Li D, Cao W, Tang L et al (2021) Evaluation of a rapid and simplified protocol for direct identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures by using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11:632679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.632679","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5407_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116412","volume":"110","author":"A Coussee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Coussee A, Vandewal W, Maelegheer K (2024) MALDI-TOF direct identification of positive blood cultures: A four-year analytical evaluation of A triton based workflow. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 110(1):116412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116412","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"5407_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.01.004","volume":"53","author":"YL Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu YL, Hsueh SC, Ding GS, Chuang PC, Chen JM, Lu CY et al (2020) Applicability of an in-house saponin-based extraction method in Bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system for identifying bacterial and fungal species in positively flagged pediatric VersaTREK blood cultures. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 53(6):916\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.01.004","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"5407_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0063824","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00638-24","volume":"12","author":"D Karada\u011f","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karada\u011f D, Ergon MC (2024) Investigation of different methods in rapid microbial identification directly from positive blood culture bottles by MALDI-TOF MS. Microbiol Spectr 12(8):e0063824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00638-24","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5407_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3709-9","volume":"19","author":"M Azrad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azrad M, Keness Y, Nitzan O, Pastukh N, Tkhawkho L, Freidus V et al (2019) Cheap and rapid in-house method for direct identification of positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS technology. BMC Infect Dis 19(1):72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3709-9","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5407_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0110321","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01103-21","volume":"9","author":"H Zengin Canalp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zengin Canalp H, Bayraktar B (2021) Direct rapid identification from positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS: specific focus on turnaround times. Microbiol Spectr 9(3):e0110321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01103-21","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"5407_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1469","volume":"101","author":"A Ceballos-Garz\u00f3n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ceballos-Garz\u00f3n A, Cabrera E, Cortes-Fraile GC, Le\u00f3n A, Aguirre-Guataqui K, Linares-Linares MY et al (2020) In-house protocol and performance of MALDI-TOF MS in the early diagnosis of bloodstream infections in a fourth-level hospital in colombia: jumping to full use of this technology. Int J Infect Dis 101:85\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1469","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5407_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2024.11.007","volume":"58","author":"L Tai-Fen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tai-Fen L, Tsai-Wen W, Wei-Yu H, Xiang-Jun C, Hao-Chieh C, Yu-Tsung H (2025) Comparison of a Sepsityper\u00ae kit and in-house membrane filtration methods for rapidly diagnosing positive blood cultures via MALDI\u2013TOF MS. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 58(2):265\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2024.11.007","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"5407_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00481","volume":"9","author":"HW Pan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pan HW, Li W, Li RG, Li Y, Zhang Y, Sun EH (2018) Simple sample Preparation method for direct microbial identification and susceptibility testing from positive blood cultures. Front Microbiol 9:481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00481","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5407_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0805-5","volume":"16","author":"S Barnini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnini S, Brucculeri V, Morici P, Ghelardi E, Florio W, Lupetti A (2016) A new rapid method for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria from positive blood cultures. BMC Microbiol 16(1):185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-016-0805-5","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5407_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03259-12","volume":"51","author":"JH Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen JH, Ho PL, Kwan GS, She KK, Siu GK, Cheng VC et al (2013) Direct bacterial identification in positive blood cultures by use of two commercial matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems. J Clin Microbiol 51(6):1733\u20131739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.03259-12","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5407_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit498","volume":"57","author":"AM Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang AM, Newton D, Kunapuli A, Gandhi TN, Washer LL, Isip J et al (2013) Impact of rapid organism identification via matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight combined with antimicrobial stewardship team intervention in adult patients with bacteremia and candidemia. Clin Infect Dis 57(9):1237\u20131245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cit498","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5407_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02485-09","volume":"48","author":"A Ferroni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferroni A, Suarez S, Beretti JL, Dauphin B, Bille E, Meyer J et al (2010) Real-time identification of bacteria and Candida species in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol 48(5):1542\u20131548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.02485-09","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5407_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00072-12","volume":"26","author":"AE Clark","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clark AE, Kaleta EJ, Arora A, Wolk DM (2013) Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: a fundamental shift in the routine practice of clinical microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 26(3):547\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00072-12","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5407_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1312-0","volume":"31","author":"V Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt V, Jarosch A, M\u00e4rz P, Sander C, Vacata V, Kalka-Moll W (2012) Rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31(3):311\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1312-0","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"5407_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1566-1","volume":"31","author":"D Martiny","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martiny D, Dediste A, Vandenberg O (2012) Comparison of an in-house method and the commercial Sepsityper\u2122 kit for bacterial identification directly from positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31(9):2269\u20132281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-012-1566-1","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5407_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2366-y","volume":"10","author":"H Tanner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tanner H, Evans JT, Gossain S, Hussain A (2017) Evaluation of three sample Preparation methods for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF. BMC Res Notes 10(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-016-2366-y","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"5407_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.36519\/idcm.2024.319","volume":"6","author":"M Demir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Demir M, Haz\u0131rolan G (2024) Rapid bacterial identification from positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS following Short-Term incubation on solid media. Infect Dis Clin Microbiol 6(2):141\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36519\/idcm.2024.319","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5407_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0012222","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00122-22","volume":"60","author":"TT Truong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Truong TT, Mongkolrattanothai K, Flores II, Dien Bard J (2022) Evaluation of the performance and clinical impact of a rapid phenotypic susceptibility testing method directly from positive blood culture at a pediatric hospital. J Clin Microbiol 60(8):e0012222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00122-22","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5407_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2018.05.003","volume":"40","author":"JD Bard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bard JD, Lee F (2018) Why can\u2019t we just use PCR? The role of genotypic versus phenotypic testing for antimicrobial resistance testing. Clin Microbiol Newsl 40(11):87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2018.05.003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Newsl"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05407-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05407-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05407-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:03:59Z","timestamp":1780128239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05407-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05407-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University and the approval number is KYLL-202309(YJ)-056.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}