{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:03:04Z","timestamp":1788570184493,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05428-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T23:04:58Z","timestamp":1772319898000},"page":"1641-1650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison between DNA- and RNA-based nucleic acid amplification tests for detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric specimens"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Boyi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"5428_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.697-728.2004","volume":"17","author":"KB Waites","year":"2004","unstructured":"Waites KB, Talkington DF (2004) Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 17:697\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.17.4.697-728.2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5428_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00344-0","volume":"5","author":"PM Meyer Sauteur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meyer Sauteur PM, Beeton ML, Pereyre S, B\u00e9b\u00e9ar C, Gardette M, H\u00e9nin N et al (2024) Mycoplasma pneumoniae: delayed re-emergence after COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Lancet Microbe 5:e100\u2013e101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00344-0","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"5428_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1086\/319981","volume":"32","author":"N Principi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Principi N, Esposito S, Blasi F, Allegra L, the Mowgli Study Group (2001) Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Clin Infect Dis 32:1281\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/319981","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5428_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo D-X, Hu W-J, Wei R, Wang H, Xu B-P, Zhou W et al (2019) Epidemiology and mechanism of drug resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Beijing, China: a multi-center study. Bosn J Basic Med Sci.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17305\/bjbms.2019.4053","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2019.4053"},{"key":"5428_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gardiner SJ, Gavranich JB, Chang AB (2015) Antibiotics for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Internet] 8. [Cited 2025 29]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004875","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004875"},{"key":"5428_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00783-x","volume":"20","author":"C Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan C, Xue G-H, Zhao H-Q, Feng Y-L, Cui J-H, Yuan J (2024) Current status of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in China. World J Pediatr 20:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00783-x","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"5428_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2015.58.5.172","volume":"58","author":"E-K Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim E-K, Youn Y-S, Rhim J-W, Shin M-S, Kang J-H, Lee K-Y (2015) Epidemiological comparison of three Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia epidemics in a single hospital over 10 years. Korean J Pediatr 58:172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/kjp.2015.58.5.172","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"5428_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19734-y","volume":"8","author":"H Namkoong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Namkoong H, Yamazaki M, Ishizaki M, Endo I, Harada N, Aramaki M et al (2018) Clinical evaluation of the immunochromatographic system using silver amplification for the rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Sci Rep 8:1430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-19734-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5428_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1582_16","volume":"147","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S (2018) Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A significant but underrated pathogen in paediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Indian J Med Res 147:23\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1582_16","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"5428_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00129.x","volume":"32","author":"TP Atkinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atkinson TP, Balish MF, Waites KB (2008) Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and laboratory detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: Fig. 1. FEMS Microbiol Rev 32:956\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00129.x","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5428_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00114-16","volume":"30","author":"KB Waites","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF, Atkinson TP (2017) Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev 30:747\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00114-16","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5428_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parrott GL, Kinjo T, Fujita J (2016) A compendium for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Front Microbiol [Internet] 12:7. [Cited 2025 18]. http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00513\/abstractdoi","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00513\/abstractdoi"},{"key":"5428_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14891","volume":"109","author":"A Dierig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dierig A, Hirsch HH, Decker M, Bielicki JA, Heininger U, Ritz N (2020) Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection in children with respiratory tract infections and influence on management \u2013 a retrospective cohort study in Switzerland. Acta Paediatr 109:375\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.14891","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"5428_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.117864","volume":"557","author":"Y Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han Y, Jiang J, Ma Y, Chen Y, Diao Z, Huang T et al (2024) External quality assessment for molecular detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in China. Clin Chim Acta 557:117864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2024.117864","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"5428_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00243","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00243-24","volume":"62","author":"JD Lewis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lewis JD, Salipante SJ (2024) Development of advanced control material for reverse transcription-mediated bacterial nucleic acid amplification tests. J Clin Microbiol 62:e00243\u2013e00224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00243-24","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5428_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12359","volume":"10","author":"X Fang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fang X, Li W, Zhang C, Huang Z, Zeng H, Dong Z et al (2018) Detecting the presence of bacterial DNA and RNA by polymerase chain reaction to diagnose suspected periprosthetic joint infection after antibiotic therapy. Orthop Surg 10:40\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.12359","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"5428_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01497","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01497-23","volume":"11","author":"Y Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma Y, Jiang J, Han Y, Chen Y, Diao Z, Huang T et al (2023) Comparison of analytical sensitivity of DNA-based and RNA-based nucleic acid amplification tests for reproductive tract infection pathogens: implications for clinical applications. Microbiol Spectr 11:e01497\u2013e01423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01497-23","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"5428_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02516-3","volume":"7","author":"R Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li R, Tun HM, Jahan M, Zhang Z, Kumar A, Dilantha Fernando WG et al (2017) Comparison of DNA-, PMA-, and RNA-based 16S rRNA illumina sequencing for detection of live bacteria in water. Sci Rep 7:5752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-02516-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5428_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3580-0","volume":"18","author":"Y Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang Y, Jin X, Yuan F, Li Z, Chen S (2018) Comparison of rRNA-based and DNA-based nucleic acid amplifications for detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in urogenital swabs. BMC Infect Dis 18:651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3580-0","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5428_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu BM (2025) Isothermal nucleic acid amplification technologies and CRISPR-Cas\u2010Based nucleic acid detection strategies for infectious diseases diagnostics. Man Mol Microbiol 30\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781683674597.ch3","DOI":"10.1002\/9781683674597.ch3"},{"key":"5428_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2014.09.037","volume":"853","author":"H Deng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deng H, Gao Z (2015) Bioanalytical applications of isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques. Anal Chim Acta 853:30\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2014.09.037","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"5428_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0177842","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177842","volume":"12","author":"W Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li W, Fang Y, Shen H, Yang D, Shu Q, Shang S (2017) Evaluation of a real-time method of simultaneous amplification and testing in diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with pneumonia. PLoS ONE 12:e0177842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177842","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5428_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08161-8","volume":"23","author":"W Tuo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tuo W, Guo X, Wu M, Xie S, Shen X, Wang J et al (2023) Application value of antibody titres and RNA detection in the early prediction of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 23:220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08161-8","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5428_CR24","first-page":"270","volume":"134","author":"L Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zong ZY, Liu YB, Ye H, Lv XJ (2011) PCR versus serology for diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: a systematic review & meta-analysis. Indian J Med Res 134(3):270\u2013280","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"5428_CR25","first-page":"366","volume":"58","author":"Expert Committee on Rational Use of Medicines for Children Pharmaceutical Group, National Health and Family Planning Commission","year":"2020","unstructured":"Expert Committee on Rational Use of Medicines for Children Pharmaceutical Group, National Health and Family Planning Commission (2020) Expert consensus on laboratory diagnostics and clinical practice of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in China (2019). Chin J Pediatr 58:366\u2013373","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr"},{"key":"5428_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/320801","volume":"2014","author":"X Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu X, Jiang Y, Chen X, Li J, Shi D, Xin D (2014) Drug resistance mechanisms of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to macrolide antibiotics. Biomed Res Int 2014:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/320801","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"5428_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030262","volume":"14","author":"KM Contes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Contes KM, Liu BM (2025) Epidemiology clinical significance, and diagnosis of respiratory viruses and their co-infections in the post-COVID era. Pathogens 14:262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens14030262","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"5428_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00744-4","volume":"20","author":"W Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li W, Wang B-H, Chen B-H, Sun Y, Li L, Xiang W-Q et al (2024) Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and other respiratory pathogens in children. World J Pediatr 20:92\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-023-00744-4","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"5428_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13849","volume":"30","author":"JS Jensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Moi H (2016) European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections. Acad Dermatol Venereol 30:1650\u20131656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.13849","journal-title":"Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"5428_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.099150","volume":"91","author":"JL Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang JL, Schachter J, Moncada J, Habte D, Zerihun M, House JI et al (2007) Comparison of an rRNA-based and DNA-based nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis in trachoma. Br J Ophthalmol 91:293\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2006.099150","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5428_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.6.1369-1372.1997","volume":"35","author":"JW Mouton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mouton JW, Verkooyen R, Van Der Meijden WI, Van Rijsoort-Vos TH, Goessens WH, Kluytmans JA et al (1997) *Detection of chlamydia trachomatis in male and female urine specimens by using the amplified chlamydia trachomatis test. J Clin Microbiol 35:1369\u20131372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.35.6.1369-1372.1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5428_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1086\/499814","volume":"42","author":"MJ Burton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burton MJ, Holland MJ, Jeffries D, Mabey DCW, Bailey RL (2006) Conjunctival chlamydial 16S ribosomal RNA expression in trachoma: is chlamydial metabolic activity required for disease to develop? Clin Infect Dis 42:463\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/499814","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5428_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05036-0","volume":"20","author":"T Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li T, Shi T, Sun Y, Zhou K, Huang Z, Wang P et al (2020) Application of real-time simultaneous amplification and testing method to accurately and rapidly detect extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 20:303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05036-0","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5428_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1806063","volume":"14","author":"S-P Hogea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hogea S-P, Tudorache E, Pescaru C, Marc M, Oancea C (2020) Bronchoalveolar lavage: role in the evaluation of pulmonary interstitial disease. Expert Rev Respiratory Med 14:1117\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17476348.2020.1806063","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respiratory Med"},{"key":"5428_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4667-y","volume":"19","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhao F, Lu J, Xu H, Liu H, Tang X et al (2019) High Mycoplasma pneumoniae loads and persistent long-term Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in lower airway associated with severity of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 19:1045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4667-y","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05428-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05428-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05428-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:58:36Z","timestamp":1782863916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05428-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["5428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05428-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study complied with the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration (for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects), and was approved by the Research Board of the Ethics Committee of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China. All data were accessed anonymously and subjected to statistical analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}