{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:46:40Z","timestamp":1782866800882,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Hospital Authority Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding","award":["ZYLX202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYLX202108"]}]},{"name":"Training Fund for Open Projects at the Clinical Institutes and Departments of Capital Medical University","award":["CCMU2024ZKYXZ006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCMU2024ZKYXZ006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05461-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:03:34Z","timestamp":1773147814000},"page":"1751-1762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ceftazidime-avibactam versus polymyxin B for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria-associated post-neurosurgical meningitis: a retrospective comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5461_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.05.013","volume":"23","author":"K Hussein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hussein K, Bitterman R, Shofty B, Paul M, Neuberger A (2017) Management of post-neurosurgical meningitis: narrative review. Clin Microbiol Infect 23(9):621\u2013628","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"5461_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S416948","volume":"16","author":"C Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li C, Zhou P, Liu Y, Zhang L (2023) Treatment of Ventriculitis and Meningitis After Neurosurgery Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE): A Challenging Topic. Infect Drug Resist 16:3807\u20133818","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"9","key":"5461_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.003","volume":"5","author":"T Jesudason","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jesudason T (2024) WHO publishes updated list of bacterial priority pathogens. Lancet Microbe 5(9):100940","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"8","key":"5461_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf167","volume":"80","author":"VH Krishnaprasad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krishnaprasad VH, Nayak V, Kumar S (2025) World Health Organisation\u2019s Bacterial Pathogen Priority List (BPPL) 2017 and BPPL 2024 to combat global antimicrobial resistance crisis: \u2018challenges and opportunities\u2019. J Antimicrob Chemother 80(8):2061\u20132069","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"5461_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac268","volume":"75","author":"PD Tamma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ (2022) Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022 Guidance on the Treatment of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase Producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Difficult-to-Treat Resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa). Clin Infect Dis 75(2):187\u2013212","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5461_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2184346","volume":"21","author":"A Ardebili","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ardebili A, Izanloo A, Rastegar M (2023) Polymyxin combination therapy for multidrug-resistant, extensively-drug resistant, and difficult-to-treat drug-resistant gram-negative infections: is it superior to polymyxin monotherapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 21(4):387\u2013429","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"5461_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S565","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz830","volume":"69","author":"Y Doi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doi Y (2019) Treatment Options for Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Infections. Clin Infect Dis 69(Suppl 7):S565\u2013S575","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"5461_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02584","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02584-17","volume":"62","author":"GG Stone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stone GG, Newell P, Bradford PA (2018) In Vitro Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam against Isolates from Patients in a Phase 3 Clinical Trial for Treatment of Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62(7):e02584\u2013e02517","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"5461_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix783","volume":"66","author":"D van Duin","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Duin D, Lok JJ, Earley M et al (2018) Colistin Versus Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Treatment of Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Infect Dis 66(2):163\u2013171","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5461_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-10","volume":"23","author":"N Roland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roland N, Fritz S, Helmut E (2010) Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid\/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 23(4):858\u2013883","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"5461_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw861","volume":"64","author":"AR Tunkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tunkel AR, Hasbun R, Bhimraj A et al (2017) 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America\u2019s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 64(6):e34\u2013e65","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5461_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6285","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S425799","volume":"16","author":"J Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun J, Shi Y, Ding Y et al (2023) Effect of Follow-Up Cerebrospinal Fluid Cultures in Post-Neurosurgical Patients\u2019 Outcome with Gram-Negative Bacterial Meningitis\/Encephalitis. Infect Drug Resist 16:6285\u20136295","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"5","key":"5461_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-022-00682-0","volume":"11","author":"G Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng G, Cai J, Zhang L et al (2022) Ceftazidime\/Avibactam-Based Versus Polymyxin B-Based Therapeutic Regimens for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Dis Ther 11(5):1917\u20131934","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"5461_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01876-x","volume":"50","author":"S Zhen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhen S, Wang H, Feng S (2022) Update of clinical application in ceftazidime-avibactam for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infections. Infection 50(6):1409\u20131423","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"11","key":"5461_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa586","volume":"72","author":"M Falcone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falcone M, Daikos GL, Tiseo G et al (2021) Efficacy of Ceftazidime-avibactam Plus Aztreonam in Patients With Bloodstream Infections Caused by Metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales. Clin Infect Dis 72(11):1871\u20131878","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5461_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.011","volume":"38","author":"N Pouya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pouya N, Smith JE, Hudson CS, Teran NS, Tam VH (2024) In vitro evaluation of using ceftazidime\/avibactam against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 38:252\u2013255","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010154","volume":"10","author":"M Gatti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gatti M, Virgili G, Cojutti PG et al (2022) Real-Time Optimization of Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment at Infection Site during Treatment of Post-Neurosurgical Ventriculitis Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Gram Negatives with Ceftazidime-Avibactam-Based Regimens: A Report of Two Cases. Microorganisms 10(1):154","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"4","key":"5461_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2018.1530729","volume":"37","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Y, Liu L (2023) The treatment of nosocomial meningitis and brain abscess by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. Br J Neurosurg 37(4):634\u2013636","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"40","key":"5461_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2021.03.014","volume":"40(6):332\u2013333","author":"Mehmet Yasir Pektezel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pektezel MY, Isikay I, Gocmen R, Inkaya AC (2022) Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis and abscess treated with ceftazidime-avibactam. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 40(6):332\u2013333","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx358","volume":"73","author":"A Holyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holyk A, Belden V, Lee JJ et al (2018) Ceftazidime\/avibactam use for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis: a case report. J Antimicrob Chemother 73(1):254\u2013256","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"5461_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.11.023","volume":"11","author":"L Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han L, Jiang C (2021) Evolution of blood-brain barrier in brain diseases and related systemic nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 11(8):2306\u20132325","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"23","key":"5461_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15878","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01528","volume":"65","author":"CJ Slingerland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Slingerland CJ, Wesseling C, Innocenti P, Westphal K, Masereeuw R, Martin NI (2022) Synthesis and Evaluation of Polymyxins Bearing Reductively Labile Disulfide-Linked Lipids. J Med Chem 65(23):15878\u201315892","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"5461_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114949","volume":"199","author":"R Ajeeb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ajeeb R, Clegg JR (2023) Intrathecal delivery of Macromolecules: Clinical status and emerging technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 199:114949","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03883-0","volume":"26","author":"Y Im","year":"2022","unstructured":"Im Y, Kang D, Ko RE et al (2022) Time-to-antibiotics and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a prospective nationwide multicenter cohort study. Crit Care 26(1):19","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02324-8","volume":"53","author":"HH Zhuang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhuang HH, Qu Q, Long WM et al (2025) Ceftazidime\/avibactam versus polymyxin B in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: a propensity score-matched multicenter real-world study. Infection 53(1):95\u2013106","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"12","key":"5461_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12121570","volume":"12","author":"Katerina Segklia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Segklia K, Matsas R, Papastefanaki F (2023) Brain infection by Group B Streptococcus induces inflammation and affects neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus. Cells 12(12):1570","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"5461_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06102-x","volume":"67","author":"R Holt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holt R, Cockram CS, Ma R, Luk A (2024) Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment. Diabetologia 67(7):1168\u20131180","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"5461_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-35","volume":"10","author":"PS Hair","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hair PS, Echague CG, Rohn RD, Krishna NK, Nyalwidhe JO, Cunnion KM (2012) Hyperglycemic conditions inhibit C3-mediated immunologic control of Staphylococcus aureus. J Transl Med 10:35","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0493","volume":"56","author":"M Rodacki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rodacki M, Svoren B, Butty V et al (2007) Altered natural killer cells in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes 56(1):177\u2013185","journal-title":"Diabetes"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05461-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05461-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05461-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:50:03Z","timestamp":1782863403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05461-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["5461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05461-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the ethical committees of Beijing Tiantan Hospital and Capital Medical University (KY-2021-079-02). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}