{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:07:54Z","timestamp":1789996074168,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05559-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:28:17Z","timestamp":1780669697000},"page":"2821-2829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness of a combined rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) and lateral flow immunochromatographic assay-based workflow for bloodstream infections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliseo","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Beliz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montse","family":"Pi\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Guillem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Ripoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela","family":"Gim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Colomina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5559_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferrer R, Martin-Loeches I, Phillips G, Osborn TM, Townsend S, Dellinger RP, Artigas A, Schorr C, Levy MM (2014) Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: results from a guideline-based performance improvement program. Crit Care Med 42(8):1749-55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000330","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000330"},{"issue":"1","key":"5559_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00462-11","volume":"56","author":"P Retamar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Retamar P, Portillo MM, L\u00f3pez-Prieto MD, Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00f3pez F, de Cueto M, Garc\u00eda MV, G\u00f3mez MJ, Del Arco A, Mu\u00f1oz A, S\u00e1nchez-Porto A, Torres-Tortosa M, Mart\u00edn-Aspas A, Arroyo A, Garc\u00eda-Figueras C, Acosta F, Corzo JE, Le\u00f3n-Ruiz L, Escobar-Lara T, Rodr\u00edguez-Ba\u00f1o J, SAEI\/SAMPAC Bacteremia Group (2012) Impact of inadequate empirical therapy on the mortality of patients with bloodstream infections: a propensity score-based analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56(1):472\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00462-11 PMID: 22005999; PMCID: PMC3256027","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"5559_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30477-1","volume":"21","author":"SS Kadri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kadri SS, Lai YL, Warner S, Strich JR, Babiker A, Ricotta EE, Demirkale CY, Dekker JP, Palmore TN, Rhee C, Klompas M, Hooper DC, Powers JH 3rd, Srinivasan A, Danner RL, Adjemian J, forming the National Institutes of Health Antimicrobial Resistance Outcomes Research Initiative (NIH-ARORI) (2021) Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bloodstream infections based on discordant in-vitro susceptibilities: a retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and mortality risk in US hospitals. Lancet Infect Dis 21(2):241\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30477-1 PMID: 32916100; PMCID: PMC7855478","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5559_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00234","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00234-20","volume":"34","author":"CL Holmes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Holmes CL, Anderson MT, Mobley HLT, Bachman MA (2021) Pathogenesis of Gram-Negative Bacteremia. Clin Microbiol Rev 34(2):e00234\u2013e00220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00234-20 PMID: 33692149; PMCID: PMC8549824","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5559_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Torres I, Gimenez E, Pascual T, Bueno F, Huntley D, Mart\u00ednez M, Navarro D (2017) Short-term incubation of positive blood cultures in brain-heart infusion broth accelerates identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry. J Med Microbiol 66(12):1752\u20131758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.000643","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000643"},{"issue":"1","key":"5559_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07772-x","volume":"22","author":"AM Peri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peri AM, Ling W, Furuya-Kanamori L, Harris PNA, Paterson DL (2022) Performance of BioFire Blood Culture Identification 2 Panel (BCID2) for the detection of bloodstream pathogens and their associated resistance markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. BMC Infect Dis 22(1):794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07772-x PMID: 36266641; PMCID: PMC9585790","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5559_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz548","volume":"75","author":"E Jonasson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jonasson E, Matuschek E, Kahlmeter G (2020) The EUCAST rapid disc diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing directly from positive blood culture bottles. J Antimicrob Chemother 75(4):968\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkz548 PMID: 32016342; PMCID: PMC7069491","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"5559_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04251-0","volume":"40","author":"I Torres","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torres I, Albert E, Gim\u00e9nez E, Olea B, Valdivia A, Pascual T, Huntley D, S\u00e1nchez D, Costa RM, Pinto C, Oltra R, Colomina J, Navarro D (2021) Performance of a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based method for rapid detection of third-generation oxymino-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. from blood cultures. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 40(9):1925\u20131932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-021-04251-0 Epub 2021 Apr 19. PMID: 33876385","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"5559_CR9","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) (2024) EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) directly from blood culture bottles \u2013 methodology document, version 5.0. EUCAST. Available from: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/RAST\/2024\/EUCAST_RAST_methodology_v5.0_final.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"5559_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, Harbarth S, Hindler JF, Kahlmeter G, Olsson-Liljequist B, Paterson DL, Rice LB, Stelling J, Struelens MJ, Vatopoulos A, Weber JT, Monnet DL (2012) Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(3):268\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x Epub 2011 Jul 27. PMID: 21793988","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"5559_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.05.015","volume":"22","author":"A Martins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martins A, Wink P, Pereira D, Souza A, Aquino V, Barth A (2020) Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae by disk diffusion directly from blood culture bottles using the EUCAST RAST breakpoints. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 22:637\u2013642 Epub 2020 Jun 5. PMID: 32512237","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"11","key":"5559_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa333","volume":"75","author":"A \u00c5kerlund","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c5kerlund A, Jonasson E, Matuschek E, Serrander L, Sundqvist M, Kahlmeter G, RAST Study Group (2020) EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) in blood cultures: validation in 55 European laboratories. J Antimicrob Chemother 75(11):3230\u20133238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaa333 PMID: 32789506; PMCID: PMC7566356","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"5559_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101404","volume":"11","author":"G Bianco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bianco G, Lombardo D, Ricciardelli G, Boattini M, Comini S, Cavallo R, Costa C, Ambretti S (2022) Multicentre Evaluation of the EUCAST Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (RAST) Extending Analysis to 16\u201320 Hours Reading Time. Antibiot (Basel) 11(10):1404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11101404 PMID: 36290062; PMCID: PMC9599042","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"key":"5559_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Strubbe G, Messiaen AS, Vandendriessche S, Verhasselt B, Boelens J (2023) EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) compared to conventional susceptibility testing: implementation and potential added value in a tertiary hospital in Belgium. Acta Clin Belg 78(5):385\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17843286.2023.2197314","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2023.2197314"},{"key":"5559_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carrasco B, Zaragoza G, Arana DM, Hern\u00e1ndez-Hermida Y, Al\u00f3s JI (2024) Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (RAST) of blood cultures in enterobacteria with inducible chromosomal AmpC-type \u03b2-lactamase. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 42(4):205\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eimce.2023.12.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimce.2023.12.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"5559_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlad017","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlad017","volume":"5","author":"V Cerrudo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cerrudo V, Cort\u00e9s-Cuevas JL, Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez S, Morosini MI, Cant\u00f3n R, S\u00e1nchez-D\u00edaz AM (2023) Usefulness of EUCAST rapid antibiotic susceptibility breakpoints and screening cut-off values directly from blood cultures for the inference of \u03b2-lactam resistance mechanisms in Enterobacterales. JAC Antimicrob Resist 5(1):dlad017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlad017 PMID: 36816745; PMCID: PMC9937038","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"5559_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Caso B, Lumbreras-Iglesias P, Rodicio MR, Fern\u00e1ndez J, Rodr\u00edguez-Lucas C (2024) Usefulness of inclusion of ertapenem and temocillin screening breakpoints in the EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) for rapid detection of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae directly from positive blood cultures. J Antimicrob Chemother 79(2):462\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkad406","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad406"},{"key":"5559_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antonelli A, Giani T, Di Pilato V, Riccobono E, Perriello G, Mencacci A, Rossolini GM (2019) KPC-31 expressed in a ceftazidime\/avibactam-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with relevant detection issues. J Antimicrob Chemother 74(8):2464\u20132466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkz156","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz156"},{"key":"5559_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ergan B, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 FM, \u0130lki A (2025) Direct MALDI-TOF MS identification and EUCAST RAST from positive blood cultures: impact on turnaround time in bloodstream infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05345-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05345-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"5559_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae234","volume":"79","author":"AM Peri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peri AM, Chatfield MD, Ling W, Furuya-Kanamori L, Harris PNA, Paterson DL (2024) Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs for the Management of Bloodstream Infection: What Is Their Relative Contribution to Improving Clinical Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 79(2):502\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae234 PMID: 38676943; PMCID: PMC11327801","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"5559_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0240124","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02401-24","volume":"13","author":"M Cintr\u00f3n","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cintr\u00f3n M, Clark B, Miranda E, Delgado M, Babady NE (2025) Development and evaluation of a direct disk diffusion, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing method from blood culture positive for Gram-negative bacilli using rapid molecular testing and microbiology laboratory automation. Microbiol Spectr 13(6):e0240124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02401-24 Epub 2025 May 15. PMID: 40372037; PMCID: PMC12131842","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05559-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05559-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05559-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:34:10Z","timestamp":1789994050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05559-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05559-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The current study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario INCLIVA (September, 2019).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI, to assist with scientific writing. After using this tool\/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}