{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:03:32Z","timestamp":1784541812866,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Health Institutes of T\u00fcrkiye","award":["22479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22479"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05604-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:18:09Z","timestamp":1784539089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization and therapeutic potential of two Kayvirus phages against methicillin-resistant S. aureus in a rat myositis model"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Semra","family":"Tasdurmazli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasin Ali","family":"Cimen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Kanimdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Bedia Karakaya","family":"Cimen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buse","family":"Findikli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mert","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emine Rumeysa","family":"Hekimoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savas","family":"Ustunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukaddes","family":"Esrefoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdurrahim","family":"Kocyigit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds D. R.","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulin","family":"Ozbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"5604_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pal S, Chandra N (2024) Systems biology approaches to study antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial Resistance: Factors to Findings: Omics and Systems Biology Approaches 295\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-65986-7_9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-65986-7_9"},{"key":"5604_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/S41564-024-01705-X;TECHMETA","volume":"9","author":"JP Pirnay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pirnay JP, Djebara S, Steurs G et al (2024) Personalized bacteriophage therapy outcomes for 100 consecutive cases: a multicentre, multinational, retrospective observational study. Nat Microbiol 9:1434\u20131453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41564-024-01705-X;TECHMETA","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"5604_CR3","volume-title":"WHO bacterial priority pathogens list, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) WHO bacterial priority pathogens list, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"5604_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","volume":"399","author":"CJ Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F et al (2022) Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet 399:629\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5604_CR5","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in the EU\/EEA (EARS-Net): Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2024","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2024) Antimicrobial resistance in the EU\/EEA (EARS-Net): Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023. ECDC, Stockholm"},{"key":"5604_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harper DR, Anderson J, Enright M (2011) Phage therapy: delivering on the promise. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4155\/TDE.11.64","DOI":"10.4155\/TDE.11.64"},{"key":"5604_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.3389\/FMICB.2020.01171\/BIBTEX","volume":"11","author":"JP Pirnay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pirnay JP (2020) Phage Therapy in the Year 2035. Front Microbiol 11:1171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMICB.2020.01171\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5604_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moradpour Z, Ghasemian A (2020) Phage therapy: Current development and future prospects. New Future Developments Microb Biotechnol Bioeng 203\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-820528-0.00014-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820528-0.00014-4"},{"key":"5604_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Altamirano FLG, Barr JJ (2019) Phage therapy in the postantibiotic era. Clin Microbiol Rev 32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00066-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00066-18"},{"key":"5604_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.1007\/S00253-019-09810-2\/TABLES\/3","volume":"103","author":"AH Azam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azam AH, Tanji Y (2019) Peculiarities of Staphylococcus aureus phages and their possible application in phage therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103:4279\u20134289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00253-019-09810-2\/TABLES\/3","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"5604_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS9110754","volume":"9","author":"A Steele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steele A, Stacey HJ, de Soir S, Jones JD (2020) The Safety and Efficacy of Phage Therapy for Superficial Bacterial Infections. Syst Rev Antibiot 2020 9:754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS9110754","journal-title":"Syst Rev Antibiot 2020"},{"key":"5604_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1086\/374001","volume":"187","author":"S Matsuzaki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matsuzaki S, Yasuda M, Nishikawa H et al (2003) Experimental Protection of Mice against Lethal Staphylococcus aureus Infection by Novel Bacteriophage \u03d5MR11. J Infect Dis 187:613\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/374001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5604_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3855\/JIDC.7931","volume":"10","author":"JM Ochieng\u2019Oduor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ochieng\u2019Oduor JM, Onkoba N, Maloba F et al (2016) Efficacy of lytic staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage against multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus in mice. J Infect Dev Ctries 10:1208\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/JIDC.7931","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"5604_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519312","DOI":"10.3389\/FMICB.2024.1519312\/BIBTEX","volume":"15","author":"NK Abdraimova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdraimova NK, Shitikov EA, Bespiatykh DA et al (2024) Response of Staphylococcus aureus to combination of virulent bacteriophage vB_SauM-515A1 and linezolid. Front Microbiol 15:1519312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMICB.2024.1519312\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5604_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/S12223-021-00895-9","volume":"66","author":"S Kaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur S, Chhibber S (2021) A mouse air pouch model for evaluating the anti-bacterial efficacy of phage MR-5 in resolving skin and soft tissue infection induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 66:959\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12223-021-00895-9","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol (Praha)"},{"key":"5604_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wen H, Zhou W, Wu Y et al (2023) Effective treatment of a broad-host-range lytic phage SapYZU15 in eliminating Staphylococcus aureus from subcutaneous infection. Microbiol Res 276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127484"},{"key":"5604_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002076","volume":"59","author":"A Rahimi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahimi A, Soudi S, Vakilian S et al (2023) Bacteriophage M13 Modulates the sepsis-related inflammatory responses and organ damage in a CLP model. Shock 59:493\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002076","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"5604_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3390\/V10040182","volume":"10","author":"LDR Melo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melo LDR, Brand\u00e3o A, Akturk E et al (2018) Characterization of a New Staphylococcus aureus Kayvirus Harboring a Lysin Active against Biofilms. Viruses 10:182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/V10040182","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"5604_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1099\/VIR.0.060590-0\/CITE\/REFWORKS","volume":"95","author":"LDR Melo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Melo LDR, Sillankorva S, Ackermann HW et al (2014) Isolation and characterization of a new Staphylococcus epidermidis broad-spectrum bacteriophage. J Gen Virol 95:506\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/VIR.0.060590-0\/CITE\/REFWORKS","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"5604_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43115-8","volume":"9","author":"LDR Melo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Melo LDR, Ferreira R, Costa AR et al (2019) Efficacy and safety assessment of two enterococci phages in an in vitro biofilm wound model. Sci Rep 9:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-43115-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5604_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJANTIMICAG.2019.06.007","volume":"54","author":"J Barros","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barros J, Melo LDR, Poeta P et al (2019) Lytic bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli isolates from orthopaedic implant-associated infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 54:329\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJANTIMICAG.2019.06.007","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"5604_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7885","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS23147885\/S1","volume":"23","author":"R Ferreira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferreira R, Sousa C, Gon\u00e7alves RFS et al (2022) Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a New Phage Infecting Helicobacter pylori. Int J Mol Sci 23:7885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS23147885\/S1","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5604_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113615","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EURPOLYMJ.2024.113615","volume":"222","author":"D Gokkaya Ozburun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gokkaya Ozburun D, Hancer H, Findikli B et al (2025) Quaternized Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) and antibacterial peptide linear conjugates: Synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity. Eur Polym J 222:113615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EURPOLYMJ.2024.113615","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"key":"5604_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Erdogdu B, Ozbek T (2025) Characterization of Pseudomonas phage MME: a novel tool for combatting multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and disinfection. J Appl Microbiol 136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JAMBIO\/LXAF052","DOI":"10.1093\/JAMBIO\/LXAF052"},{"key":"5604_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W186","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKS528","volume":"40","author":"S Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang S, Sundaram JP, Stockwell TB (2012) VIGOR extended to annotate genomes for additional 12 different viruses. Nucleic Acids Res 40:W186\u2013W192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NAR\/GKS528","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5604_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W et al (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"5604_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1002\/CPBI.108","volume":"72","author":"F Gabler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gabler F, Nam SZ, Till S et al (2020) Protein Sequence Analysis Using the MPI Bioinformatics Toolkit. Curr Protoc Bioinf 72:e108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/CPBI.108","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Bioinf"},{"key":"5604_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D444","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAE1082","volume":"53","author":"M Blum","year":"2025","unstructured":"Blum M, Andreeva A, Florentino LC et al (2025) InterPro: the protein sequence classification resource in 2025. Nucleic Acids Res 53:D444\u2013D456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NAR\/GKAE1082","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5604_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKH152","volume":"32","author":"D Laslett","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laslett D, Canback B (2004) ARAGORN, a program to detect tRNA genes and tmRNA genes in nucleotide sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 32:11\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NAR\/GKH152","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5604_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/17.7.646","volume":"17","author":"S M\u00f6ller","year":"2001","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller S, Croning MDR, Apweiler R (2001) Evaluation of methods for the prediction of membrane spanning regions. Bioinformatics 17:646\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/17.7.646","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5604_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4623-6_10","volume":"2941","author":"H Nielsen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nielsen H (2025) Practical Applications of Language Models in Protein Sorting Prediction: SignalP 6.0, DeepLoc 2.1, and DeepLocPro 1.0. Methods Mol Biol 2941:153\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-4623-6_10","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"5604_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D756","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAD979","volume":"52","author":"RH Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang RH, Yang S, Liu Z et al (2024) PhageScope: a well-annotated bacteriophage database with automatic analyses and visualizations. Nucleic Acids Res 52:D756\u2013D761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NAR\/GKAD979","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5604_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moraru C, Varsani A, Kropinski AM (2020) VIRIDIC-A Novel Tool to Calculate the Intergenomic Similarities of Prokaryote-Infecting Viruses. Viruses 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/V12111268","DOI":"10.3390\/V12111268"},{"key":"5604_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/BTR039","volume":"27","author":"MJ Sullivan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sullivan MJ, Petty NK, Beatson SA (2011) Easyfig: a genome comparison visualizer. Bioinformatics 27:1009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/BTR039","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5604_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W29","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKT282","volume":"41","author":"GM Boratyn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boratyn GM, Camacho C, Cooper PS et al (2013) BLAST: a more efficient report with usability improvements. Nucleic Acids Res 41:W29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NAR\/GKT282","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5604_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1101\/GR.092759.109","volume":"19","author":"M Krzywinski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krzywinski M, Schein J, Birol I et al (2009) Circos: an information aesthetic for comparative genomics. Genome Res 19:1639\u20131645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/GR.092759.109","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"5604_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Overbeek R, Olson R, Pusch GD et al (2014) The SEED and the Rapid Annotation of microbial genomes using Subsystems Technology (RAST). Nucleic Acids Res 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NAR\/GKT1226","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKT1226"},{"key":"5604_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/BTX440","volume":"33","author":"JP Meier-Kolthoff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meier-Kolthoff JP, G\u00f6ker M (2017) VICTOR: genome-based phylogeny and classification of prokaryotic viruses. Bioinformatics 33:3396\u20133404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/BTX440","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5604_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siddiqui NA, Houson HA, Kamble NS et al (2021) Leveraging copper import by yersiniabactin siderophore system for targeted PET imaging of bacteria. JCI Insight 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.144880","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.144880"},{"key":"5604_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1729695","volume":"46","author":"LDR Melo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melo LDR, Oliveira H, Pires DP et al (2020) Phage therapy efficacy: a review of the last 10 years of preclinical studies. Crit Rev Microbiol 46:78\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1729695","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5604_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3748\/WJG.V12.I2.259","volume":"12","author":"M E\u015frefo\u01e7lu","year":"2006","unstructured":"E\u015frefo\u01e7lu M, G\u00fcl M, Ate\u015f B et al (2006) Antioxidative effect of melatonin, ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine on caerulein-induced pancreatitis and associated liver injury in rats. World J Gastroenterology: WJG 12:259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/WJG.V12.I2.259","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"key":"5604_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1152\/AJPCELL.00239.2004","volume":"288","author":"PM Siu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Siu PM, Pistilli EE, Butler DC, Alway SE (2005) Aging influences cellular and molecular responses of apoptosis to skeletal muscle unloading. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288:338\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/AJPCELL.00239.2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"5604_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kruger NJ (2009) The bradford method for protein quantitation. 17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-59745-198-7_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-198-7_4"},{"key":"5604_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394438-2.00005-0","volume":"83","author":"M \u0141obocka","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u0141obocka M, Hejnowicz MS, Dabrowski K et al (2012) Genomics of staphylococcal Twort-like phages\u2013potential therapeutics of the post-antibiotic era. Adv Virus Res 83:143\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-394438-2.00005-0","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"5604_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.9.2862-2871.2004","volume":"186","author":"S O\u2019Flaherty","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Flaherty S, Coffey A, Edwards R et al (2004) Genome of Staphylococcal Phage K: a New Lineage of Myoviridae Infecting Gram-Positive Bacteria with a Low G\u2009+\u2009C Content. J Bacteriol 186:2862\u20132871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.186.9.2862-2871.2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5604_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115369","volume":"44","author":"J Krusche","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krusche J, Beck C, Lehmann E et al (2025) Characterization and host range prediction of Staphylococcus aureus phages through receptor-binding protein analysis. Cell Rep 44:115369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115369","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"5604_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7005","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.96.12.7005","volume":"96","author":"M Landthaler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Landthaler M, Shub DA (1999) Unexpected abundance of self-splicing introns in the genome of bacteriophage Twort: Introns in multiple genes, a single gene with three introns, and exon skipping by group I ribozymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 96:7005\u20137010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/PNAS.96.12.7005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5604_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-019-41868-W;TECHMETA","volume":"9","author":"T Botka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Botka T, Pant\u016f\u010dek R, Ma\u0161la\u0148ov\u00e1 I et al (2019) Lytic and genomic properties of spontaneous host-range Kayvirus mutants prove their suitability for upgrading phage therapeutics against staphylococci. Sci Rep 9:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-019-41868-W;TECHMETA","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5604_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pantu \u00ca, \u00cfek R, Rosypalova \u00c2A, \u00cf\u00f5 \u00c2, Dos \u00cfkar et al (1998) \u00cf J, The Polyvalent Staphylococcal Phage phi812: Its Host-Range Mutants and Related Phages","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9203"},{"key":"5604_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1751-7915.2011.00259.X","volume":"4","author":"L Kvachadze","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kvachadze L, Balarjishvili N, Meskhi T et al (2011) Evaluation of lytic activity of staphylococcal bacteriophage Sb-1 against freshly isolated clinical pathogens. Microb Biotechnol 4:643\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1751-7915.2011.00259.X","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"5604_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3390\/V14030626\/S1","volume":"14","author":"S Arroyo-Moreno","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arroyo-Moreno S, Buttimer C, Bottacini F et al (2022) Insights into Gene Transcriptional Regulation of Kayvirus Bacteriophages Obtained from Therapeutic Mixtures. Viruses 14:626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/V14030626\/S1","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"5604_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Finstrlov\u00e1 A, Ma\u0161la\u0148ov\u00e1 I, Reuter BGB et al (2022) Global Transcriptomic analysis of bacteriophage-host interactions between a kayvirus therapeutic phage and staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/SPECTRUM.00123-22","DOI":"10.1128\/SPECTRUM.00123-22"},{"key":"5604_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS25042107","volume":"25","author":"M Podlacha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Podlacha M, W\u0119grzyn G, W\u0119grzyn A (2024) Bacteriophages\u2014Dangerous Viruses Acting Incognito or Underestimated Saviors in the Fight against Bacteria? Int J Mol Sci 2024 25:2107 Page 2107 25:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS25042107","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci 2024"},{"key":"5604_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"000902","DOI":"10.1099\/MGEN.0.000902\/CITE\/REFWORKS","volume":"8","author":"SM Tamminga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tamminga SM, V\u00f6lpel SL, Schipper K et al (2022) Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferases affects immune recognition. Microb Genom 8:000902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/MGEN.0.000902\/CITE\/REFWORKS","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"key":"5604_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS7020037","volume":"7","author":"J Ajuebor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ajuebor J, Buttimer C, Arroyo-Moreno S et al (2018) Comparison of staphylococcus phage K with close phage relatives commonly employed in phage therapeutics. Antibiotics 7:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS7020037","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"5604_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/S41467-024-53146-Z;TECHMETA","volume":"15","author":"M Hossain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hossain M, Aslan B, Hatoum-Aslan A (2024) Tandem mobilization of anti-phage defenses alongside SCCmec elements in staphylococci. Nat Commun 15:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41467-024-53146-Z;TECHMETA","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5604_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gangwar M, Rastogi S, Singh D et al (2021) Study on the effect of oral administration of bacteriophages in charles foster rats with special reference to immunological and adverse effects. Front Pharmacol 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2021.615445","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2021.615445"},{"key":"5604_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez Romano J, Sim\u00f3n-Santamar\u00eda J, McCourt P et al (2024) Liver sinusoidal cells eliminate blood-borne phage K1F. mSphere 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MSPHERE.00702-23","DOI":"10.1128\/MSPHERE.00702-23"},{"key":"5604_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang S, Tan X, Liu Z et al (2024) Pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation of intravenously administered Pseudomonas phage PA_LZ7 in a mouse model. Microbiol Spectr 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/SPECTRUM.01882-23","DOI":"10.1128\/SPECTRUM.01882-23"},{"key":"5604_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1093\/MOLBEV\/MSY050","volume":"35","author":"JJ Brennan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brennan JJ, Gilmore TD (2018) Evolutionary Origins of Toll-like Receptor Signaling. Mol Biol Evol 35:1576\u20131587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/MOLBEV\/MSY050","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"5604_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaur B, Singh P (2022) Inflammation: biochemistry, cellular targets, anti-inflammatory agents and challenges with special emphasis on cyclooxygenase-2. Bioorg Chem 121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOORG.2022.105663","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOORG.2022.105663"},{"key":"5604_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.22034\/JBS.2019.154891","volume":"1","author":"H Handayani Idrus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Handayani Idrus H, Febriza A, Novarina Kasim V et al (2022) Achras Zapota L Extract Reduces Levels of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Alpha (TNF-a) in Salmonella typhi Infected Animals. Int J BioLife Sci (IJBLS) 1:35\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/JBS.2019.154891","journal-title":"Int J BioLife Sci (IJBLS)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5604_CR63","first-page":"31","volume":"48","author":"B Weber-D\u0105browska","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weber-D\u0105browska B, Zimecki M (2000) Effective phage therapy is associated with normalization of cytokine production by blood cell cultures. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 48(1):31\u201338","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"5604_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Souza EB, Pinto AR, Fongaro G (2023) Bacteriophages as potential clinical immune modulators. Microorganisms 11 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS11092222","DOI":"10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS11092222"},{"key":"5604_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126746","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MICRES.2021.126746","volume":"248","author":"\u0141 Grabowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grabowski \u0141, \u0141epek K, Stasi\u0142oj\u0107 M et al (2021) Bacteriophage-encoded enzymes destroying bacterial cell membranes and walls, and their potential use as antimicrobial agents. Microbiol Res 248:126746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MICRES.2021.126746","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"5604_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5615","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00530-07","volume":"75","author":"H Beekhuizen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beekhuizen H, Van De Gevel JS (2007) Gamma Interferon Confers Resistance to Infection with Staphylococcus aureus in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Cooperative Proinflammatory and Enhanced Intrinsic Antibacterial Activities. Infect Immun 75:5615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00530-07","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5604_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.180.9.5771","volume":"180","author":"KN Couper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Couper KN, Blount DG, Riley EM (2008) IL-10: the master regulator of immunity to infection. J Immunol 180:5771\u20135777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.180.9.5771","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5604_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90293-3","volume":"13","author":"H Eagle","year":"1952","unstructured":"Eagle H (1952) Experimental approach to the problem of treatment failure with penicillin. I. Group a streptococcal infection in mice. Am J Med 13:389\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90293-3","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5604_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-017-08336-9;TECHMETA","volume":"7","author":"JD Van Belleghem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Belleghem JD, Clement F, Merabishvili M et al (2017) Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages. Sci Rep 7:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-017-08336-9;TECHMETA","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5604_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3390\/PATHOGENS9100844","volume":"9","author":"A G\u00f3rski","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f3rski A, Borysowski J, Mi\u0119dzybrodzki R (2020) Sepsis, Phages, and COVID-19. Pathogens 9:844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PATHOGENS9100844","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"5604_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1574-695X.2006.00044.X","volume":"46","author":"A G\u00f3rski","year":"2006","unstructured":"G\u00f3rski A, Wazna E, Da\u0327browska BW et al (2006) Bacteriophage translocation. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 46:313\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1574-695X.2006.00044.X","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"5604_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-98-24112\/PDF","volume":"98","author":"R Keller","year":"1958","unstructured":"Keller R, Engley FB (1958) Fate of Bacteriophage Particles Introduced into Mice by Various Routes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 98:577\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3181\/00379727-98-24112\/PDF","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"5604_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/J.2042-7158.2011.01324.X","volume":"63","author":"EM Ryan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ryan EM, Gorman SP, Donnelly RF, Gilmore BF (2011) Recent advances in bacteriophage therapy: how delivery routes, formulation, concentration and timing influence the success of phage therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 63:1253\u20131264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.2042-7158.2011.01324.X","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"5604_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4161\/BACT.1.2.15845","volume":"1","author":"ST Abedon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abedon ST, Kuhl SJ, Blasdel BG, Kutter EM (2011) Phage treatment of human infections. Bacteriophage 1:66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/BACT.1.2.15845","journal-title":"Bacteriophage"},{"key":"5604_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/S43586-024-00377-5;SUBJMETA","volume":"5","author":"M Skurnik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Skurnik M, Alkalay-Oren S, Boon M et al (2025) Phage therapy. Nat Reviews Methods Primers 5:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S43586-024-00377-5;SUBJMETA","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Methods Primers"},{"key":"5604_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1002\/MED.21572","volume":"39","author":"K D\u0105browska","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u0105browska K (2019) Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review. Med Res Rev 39:2000\u20132025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/MED.21572","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"5604_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00612-5","author":"S Uyttebroek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uyttebroek S, Chen B, Onsea J et al (2022) Safety and efficacy of phage therapy in difficult-to-treat infections: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00612-5","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"5604_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin Y-H, Dharmaraj T, Chen Q et al (2025) Dosing and delivery of bacteriophage therapy in a murine wound infection model. bioRxiv 20240507593005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.05.07.593005","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.07.593005"},{"key":"5604_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.11.011","volume":"68","author":"K Gembara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gembara K, D\u0105browska K (2021) Phage-specific antibodies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 68:186\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.11.011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"5604_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5646","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00757-12","volume":"78","author":"AR Hall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hall AR, De Vos D, Friman VP et al (2012) Effects of sequential and simultaneous applications of bacteriophages on populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in wax moth larvae. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:5646\u20135652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.00757-12","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"5604_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7449","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00385-15","volume":"89","author":"DP Pires","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pires DP, Vilas Boas D, Sillankorva S, Azeredo J (2015) Phage Therapy: a Step Forward in the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. J Virol 89:7449\u20137456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.00385-15","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"5604_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1751-7915.2008.00028.X","volume":"1","author":"KP Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim KP, Cha JD, Jang EH et al (2008) PEGylation of bacteriophages increases blood circulation time and reduces T-helper type 1 immune response. Microb Biotechnol 1:247\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1751-7915.2008.00028.X","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"5604_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01979-20","volume":"87","author":"B Loh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loh B, Gondil VS, Manohar P et al (2021) Encapsulation and Delivery of Therapeutic Phages. Appl Environ Microbiol 87:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01979-20","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05604-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05604-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05604-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:18:22Z","timestamp":1784539102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05604-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["5604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05604-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}