{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:29:05Z","timestamp":1787131745706,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05630-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:07:36Z","timestamp":1787130456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy and subsequent arthritis due to Ureaplasma urealyticum in a haematopoietic cell transplant recipient: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bartalucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Raiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Gambella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Varaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Di","family":"Grazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bartalucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marica","family":"Laurino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Angelucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Mikulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5630_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15146","volume":"32","author":"P Horner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Horner P, Donders G, Cusini M et al (2018) Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? \u2013 a position statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 32:1845\u20131851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.15146","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"5630_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01877-09","volume":"48","author":"L Xiao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xiao L, Glass JI, Paralanov V et al (2010) Detection and Characterization of Human Ureaplasma Species and Serovars by Real-Time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 48:2715\u20132723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01877-09","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5630_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00963-14","volume":"52","author":"M Balsat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balsat M, Galicier L, Wargnier A et al (2014) Diagnosis of Ureaplasma urealyticum Septic Polyarthritis by PCR Assay and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Microbiol 52:3456\u20133458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00963-14","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5630_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Korytny A, Nasser R, Geffen Y et al (2017) Ureaplasma parvum causing life-threatening disease in a susceptible patient. BMJ Case Rep bcr-2017-220383 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-220383","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220383"},{"key":"5630_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102416","volume":"12","author":"C Su\u00e1rez-Cuervo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Cuervo C, Nicol\u00e1s C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Su\u00e1rez J et al (2022) Ureaplasma parvum Septic Arthritis, a Clinic Challenge. Diagnostics 12:2416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12102416","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"5630_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705766","volume":"40","author":"C Arber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arber C, Buser A, Heim D et al (2007) Septic polyarthritis with Ureaplasma urealyticum in a patient with prolonged agammaglobulinemia and B-cell aplasia after allogeneic HSCT and rituximab pretreatment. Bone Marrow Transpl 40:597\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705766","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"5630_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51107","volume":"214","author":"P Bradhurst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bradhurst P, El-Haddad C, Ng J, Urriola N (2021) Ureaplasma urealyticum septic oligoarthritis in a patient with severe secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia. Med J Aust 214:506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja2.51107","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"5630_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.07.007","volume":"23","author":"I Gassiep","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gassiep I, Gore L, Dale JL, Playford EG (2017) Ureaplasma urealyticum necrotizing soft tissue infection. J Infect Chemother 23:830\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.07.007","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"5630_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofz399","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz399","volume":"6","author":"VV Jhaveri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jhaveri VV, Lasalvia MT (2019) Invasive Ureaplasma Infection in Patients Receiving Rituximab and Other Humoral Immunodeficiencies\u2014A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 6:ofz399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz399","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"5630_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06733-0","volume":"21","author":"L Lemoine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lemoine L, Le Brun C, Maillot F et al (2021) Dual Ureaplasma parvum arthritis: a case report of U. parvum septic arthritis following contralateral reactive arthritis in an immunosuppressed patient. BMC Infect Dis 21:1117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06733-0","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5630_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2253","volume":"14","author":"CR MacKenzie","year":"2010","unstructured":"MacKenzie CR, Nischik N, Kram R et al (2010) Fatal outcome of a disseminated dual infection with drug-resistant Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma parvum originating from a septic arthritis in an immunocompromised patient. Int J Infect Dis 14:e307\u2013e309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2253","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5630_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0912-0","volume":"44","author":"RL Roerdink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roerdink RL, Douw CM, Leenders ACAP et al (2016) Bilateral periprosthetic joint infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum in an immunocompromised patient. Infection 44:807\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-016-0912-0","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"5630_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01035-9","volume":"13","author":"C Russo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Russo C, Mikulska M, Delfino E et al (2024) Mycoplasma hominis as Cause of Extragenital Infection in Patients with Hypogammaglobulinemia: Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review. Infect Dis Ther 13:2179\u20132193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-024-01035-9","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"5630_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buzo BF, Preiksaitis JK, Halloran K et al (2022) Hyperammonemia syndrome post-lung transplantation: case series and systematic review of literature. Transpl Infect Dis 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.13940","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13940"},{"key":"5630_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e250852","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-250852","volume":"15","author":"N Brell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brell N, Overton K, Micallef MJ, Hurley S (2022) Hyperammonaemia syndrome in disseminated Ureaplasma parvum infection. BMJ Case Rep 15:e250852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2022-250852","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"5630_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912695","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.912695","volume":"12","author":"M Delafoy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delafoy M, Goutines J, Fourmont A-M et al (2022) Case Report: Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Linked to Ureaplasma spp. and\/or Mycoplasma hominis Systemic Infection in Patients Treated for Leukemia, an Emergency Not to Be Missed. Front Oncol 12:912695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.912695","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"5630_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12839","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12839","volume":"20","author":"R Graetz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graetz R, Meyer R, Shehab K, Katsanis E (2018) Successful resolution of hyperammonemia following hematopoietic cell transplantation with directed treatment of Ureaplasma parvum infection. Transpl Infect Dis 20:e12839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.12839","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"5630_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-022-01669-8","volume":"57","author":"MJ Shipton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shipton MJ, Kinsella PM, Davis T et al (2022) Infective hyperammonaemic encephalopathy after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Bone Marrow Transpl 57:1028\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41409-022-01669-8","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"5630_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e242513","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242513","volume":"14","author":"P Tawfik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tawfik P, Arndt P (2021) Lethal hyperammonemia in a CAR-T cell recipient due to Ureaplasma pneumonia: a case report of a unique severe complication. BMJ Case Rep 14:e242513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-242513","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"5630_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20190601","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0601","volume":"144","author":"M Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith M, Crews JD, Cheek N et al (2019) Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy due to Ureaplasma parvum Infection in an Immunocompromised Child. Pediatrics 144:e20190601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2019-0601","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5630_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001414","volume":"42","author":"N Placone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Placone N, Kao RL, Kempert P et al (2020) Hyperammonemia From Ureaplasma Infection in an Immunocompromised Child. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 42:e114\u2013e116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001414","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"5630_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13022","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13022","volume":"21","author":"KM Matson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matson KM, Sonetti DA (2019) Successful treatment of Ureaplasma i-induced hyperammonemia syndrome post-lung transplant. Transpl Infect Dis 21:e13022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.13022","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"5630_CR23","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021) Guidelines for the management of symptomatic sexually transmitted infections. World Health Organization, Geneva. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240024168"},{"key":"5630_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1246","volume":"327","author":"A Hazra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hazra A, Collison MW, Davis AM (2022) CDC Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. JAMA 327:870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.1246","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5630_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","volume":"70","author":"KA Workowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA et al (2021) Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep 70:1\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"5630_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12937","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12937","volume":"20","author":"L Gerber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gerber L, Gaspert A, Braghetti A et al (2018) Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma in kidney allograft recipients-A case series and review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis 20:e12937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.12937","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"5630_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Higgins AB, Farmakiotis D, Rogers R et al (2020) Hyperammonemia syndrome due to Ureaplasma urealyticum in a kidney transplant recipient: a case of disseminated disease from a fluoroquinolone-resistant isolate. Transpl Infect Dis 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.13328","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13328"},{"key":"5630_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.11.004","volume":"43","author":"LN Walti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Walti LN, Del Sorbo L, Husain S (2024) Hyperammonemia syndrome in lung transplant recipients: A survey on current clinical practice. J Heart Lung Transpl 43:357\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healun.2023.11.004","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"5630_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.3.183","volume":"53","author":"PM Furr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Furr PM, Taylor-Robinson D, Webster AD (1994) Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia and their role in arthritis: microbiological observations over twenty years. Ann Rheum Dis 53:183\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.53.3.183","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5630_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.61.6.404","volume":"61","author":"D Taylor-Robinson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Taylor-Robinson D, Furr PM, Webster AD (1985) Ureaplasma urealyticum causing persistent urethritis in a patient with hypogammaglobulinaemia. Genitourin Med 61:404\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.61.6.404","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"5630_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201607-1377LE","volume":"195","author":"R Fernandez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandez R, Chi M, Ison MG et al (2017) Sequelae of Donor-derived Mollicutes Transmission in Lung Recipients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195:687\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201607-1377LE","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"5630_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2531","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1570","volume":"73","author":"SC Roberts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roberts SC, Bharat A, Kurihara C et al (2021) Impact of Screening and Treatment of Ureaplasma species on Hyperammonemia Syndrome in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Experience. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 73:e2531\u2013e2537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1570","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"key":"5630_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003540","volume":"105","author":"C Kurihara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kurihara C, Manerikar A, Kandula V et al (2021) Prophylactic Ureaplasma-directed Antimicrobials in Lung Donors Can Prevent Fatal Hyperammonemia. Transplantation 105:e35\u2013e36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000003540","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"5630_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walti LN, Ng CF, Kaur S et al (2025) Serum ammonia screening and donor mollicute detection for hyperammonemia syndrome post-lung transplant: a prospective observational study. Clin Infect Dis ciaf078 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaf078","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf078"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05630-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05630-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05630-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:07:38Z","timestamp":1787130458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05630-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["5630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05630-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Verbal and written informed consent was obtained from the patient, and the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT (free version) to assist with English language editing. After using this tool, the authors carefully reviewed and revised the content as needed and take full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of AI and AI-Assisted technologies in the writing process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Outside of the submitted work M.B. reports research grants and\/or advisor\/consultant and\/or speaker\/chairman fees from Advanz, Angelini, Bayer, Biomerieux, Cidara, Gilead, Menarini, Mundipharma, MSD, Pfizer, Shionogi; Outside of the submitted work M.M. reports grant from Gilead paid to the Institution; speaker\/advisor fees from Allovir, Astra-Zeneca, BioM\u00e9rieux, Gilead, Janssen, Moderna, Mundipharma and Pfizer; Outside of the submitted work C.B. reports speaker grant from Biomerieux. All the other authors declare no conflict of interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}