{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:02:09Z","timestamp":1790766129957,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05653-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:26:44Z","timestamp":1790764004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Standardization and evaluation of artificial intelligence-driven Fourier-transform infrared bio-typing for the discrimination of Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. on genus, species and serogroup level"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5848-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Cordovana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Wille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Overhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Schotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Nieter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Gei\u00dfd\u00f6rfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf Matthias","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur B.","family":"Pranada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Scheithauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Loderst\u00e4dt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Pankok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"G\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Princess","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"P\u00e9rez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas E.","family":"Zautner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javiera Alejandra","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Pitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Floris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Carella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Zoppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei-Alexandru","family":"Muntean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calin-Constantin","family":"Ghitulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cristea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea Ioan","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Rechts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"da Silva Collar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Kehl","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afonso Luis","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Caierao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Funashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Ambretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Join-Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alida C. M.","family":"Veloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Warnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"K\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Mauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kostrzewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagen","family":"Frickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"5653_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3431-3","volume":"38","author":"\u00c2 Novais","year":"2019","unstructured":"Novais \u00c2, Freitas AR, Rodrigues C, Peixe L (2019) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: unlocking fundamentals and prospects for bacterial strain typing. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 38:427\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3431-3","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"5653_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mps7030048","volume":"7","author":"F Muchaamba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Muchaamba F, Stephan R (2024) A comprehensive methodology for microbial strain typing using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Methods Protoc 7:48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mps7030048","journal-title":"Methods Protoc"},{"key":"5653_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1304081","volume":"14","author":"A Kassem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kassem A, Abbas L, Coutinho O, Opara S, Najaf H, Kasperek D, Pokhrel K, Li X, Tiquia-Arashiro S (2023) Applications of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy in microbial cell biology and environmental microbiology: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 14:1304081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1304081. (Erratum in: Front Microbiol. 2023; 14:1342406. doi: 10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1342406.)","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5653_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.04.010","volume":"123","author":"M Beekes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beekes M, Lasch P, Naumann D (2007) Analytical applications of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in microbiology and prion research. Vet Microbiol 123:305\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.04.010","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"5653_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.110","volume":"9","author":"MJ Baker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baker MJ, Trevisan J, Bassan P, Bhargava R, Butler HJ, Dorling KM, Fielden PR, Fogarty SW, Fullwood NJ, Heys KA, Hughes C, Lasch P, Martin-Hirsch PL, Obinaju B, Sockalingum GD, Sul\u00e9-Suso J, Strong RJ, Walsh MJ, Wood BR, Gardner P, Martin FL (2014) Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to analyze biological materials. Nat Protoc 9:1771\u20131791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2014.110","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"5653_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040853","volume":"9","author":"M Cordovana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cordovana M, Mauder N, Kostrzewa M, Wille A, Rojak S, Hagen RM, Ambretti S, Pongolini S, Soliani L, Justesen US, Holt HM, Join-Lambert O, Hello SL, Auzou M, Veloo AC, May J, Frickmann H, Dekker D (2021) Classification of Salmonella enterica of the (para-)typhoid fever group by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Microorganisms 9:853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9040853","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"5653_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2022.106564","volume":"201","author":"M Cordovana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cordovana M, Mauder N, Join-Lambert O, Gravey F, LeHello S, Auzou M, Pitti M, Zoppi S, Buhl M, Steinmann J, Frickmann H, Dekker D, Funashima Y, Nagasawa Z, Soki J, Orosz L, Veloo AC, Justesen US, Holt HM, Liberatore A, Ambretti S, Pongolini S, Soliani L, Wille A, Rojak S, Hagen RM, May J, Pranada AB, Kostrzewa M (2022) Machine learning-based typing of Salmonella enterica O-serogroups by the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy-based IR Biotyper system. J Microbiol Methods 201:106564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2022.106564","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"5653_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12112318","volume":"12","author":"M Napoleoni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Napoleoni M, Ceschia S, Mitri E, Beneitez EE, Silenzi V, Staffolani M, Rocchegiani E, Blasi G, Gurian E (2024) Identification of Salmonella serogroups and distinction between typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Microorganisms 12:2318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12112318","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"5653_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0416-x","volume":"19","author":"E Denamur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Denamur E, Clermont O, Bonacorsi S, Gordon D (2021) The population genetics of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Rev Microbiol 19:37\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-020-0416-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5653_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.10","volume":"14","author":"HC The","year":"2016","unstructured":"The HC, Thanh DP, Holt KE, Thomson NR, Baker S (2016) The genomic signatures of Shigella evolution, adaptation and geographical spread. Nat Rev Microbiol 14:235\u2013250","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5653_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EHEC-0025-2014","volume":"2","author":"TK Davis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davis TK, Van De Kar NCAJ, Tarr PI (2014) Shiga toxin\/verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infections: practical clinical perspectives. Microbiol Spectr 2:2.4.13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.EHEC-0025-2014","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"5653_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800262-9.00003-2","volume":"86","author":"JL Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith JL, Fratamico PM, Gunther NW 4th (2014) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Adv Appl Microbiol 86:145\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-800262-9.00003-2","journal-title":"Adv Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"5653_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.09.002","volume":"76","author":"E Valilis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valilis E, Ramsey A, Sidiq S, DuPont HL (2018) Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - a poorly appreciated enteric pathogen: systematic review. Int J Infect Dis 76:82\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.09.002","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5653_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez A, Bover-Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Jenkins C, Monteiro Pires S, Morabito S, Niskanen T, Scheutz F, da Silva Fel\u00edcio MT, Messens W, Bolton D (2020) Scientific Opinion on the pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the public health risk posed by contamination of food with STEC. EFSA J 18:5967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2020.5967","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2020.5967"},{"key":"5653_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00641-9","volume":"16","author":"MA Alhadlaq","year":"1982","unstructured":"Alhadlaq MA, Aljurayyad OI, Almansour A, Al-Akeel SI, Alzahrani KO, Alsalman SA, Yahya R, Al-Hindi RR, Hakami MA, Alshahrani SD, Alhumeed NA, Al Moneea AM, Al-Seghayer MS, AlHarbi AL, Al-Reshoodi FM, Alajel S (1982) Overview of pathogenic Escherichia coli, with a focus on Shiga toxin-producing serotypes, global outbreaks (1982-2024) and food safety criteria. Gut Pathog 16:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00641-9","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"5653_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.03.037","volume":"1111","author":"B Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng B, Shi H, Xu F, Hu F, He J, Yang H, Ding C, Chen W, Yu S (2020) FTIR-assisted MALDI-TOF MS for the identification and typing of bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 1111:75\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2020.03.037","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"5653_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.121369","volume":"279","author":"B Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng B, Shen H, Yang F, Yan J, Yang S, Gan N, Shi H, Yu S, Wang L (2022) Efficient classification of Escherichia coli and Shigella using FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 279:121369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2022.121369","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"key":"5653_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20247","volume":"77","author":"C Yu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yu C, Irudayaraj J (2005) Spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Biopolymers 77:368\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bip.20247","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"5653_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122448","volume":"10","author":"F Pankok","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pankok F, Fuchs F, Loderst\u00e4dt U, Kaase M, Balczun C, Scheithauer S, Frickmann H, Hagen RM (2007) Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli with resistance against third-generation cephalosporines isolated from deployed German soldiers-a retrospective assessment after deployments to the African Sahel Region and other sites between 2007 and 2016. Microorganisms 10:2448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10122448","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"5653_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1169829","volume":"14","author":"K Hoffmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoffmann K, Riediger M, Tersteegen A, Marquardt P, Kahlfu\u00df S, Kaasch AJ, Hagen RM, Frickmann H, Zautner AE (2023) Molecular epidemiology of enterically colonizing Escherichia coli with resistance against third-generation cephalosporins isolated from stool samples of European soldiers with concomitant diarrhea on deployment in Western African Mali. Front Microbiol 14:1169829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1169829","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5653_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030339","volume":"10","author":"D Dekker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dekker D, Pankok F, Thye T, Taudien S, Oppong K, Akenten CW, Lamsh\u00f6ft M, Jaeger A, Kaase M, Scheithauer S, Tanida K, Frickmann H, May J, Loderst\u00e4dt U (2021) Clonal clusters, molecular resistance mechanisms and virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chronic wounds in Ghana. Antibiotics (Basel) 10:339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics10030339","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"5653_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04978-w","volume":"26","author":"CW Akenten","year":"2026","unstructured":"Akenten CW, Frickmann H, Thye T, Khan NA, Krumkamp R, Paintsil EK, Ofori LA, Jaeger A, Loag W, Lamshoeft M, Molitor E, Hoerauf A, Obiri-Danso K, Berg S, Ascofare OM, Phillips RO, May J, Dekker D (2026) Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among children and farm animals in Agogo, Ghana. BMC Microbiol 26:429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04978-w","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"5653_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig L, Lijmer JG, Moher D, Rennie D, de Vet HC, Kressel HY, Rifai N, Golub RM, Altman DG, Hooft L, Korevaar DA, Cohen JF, STARD Group (2015) STARD 2015 an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies BMJ 351:h5527, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h5527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5527"},{"key":"5653_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000665","volume":"n33","author":"KJ Jesser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jesser KJ, Levy K (2020) Updates on defining and detecting diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes. Curr Opin Infect Dis n33:372\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000665","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5653_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.27","volume":"1","author":"E Njamkepo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Njamkepo E, Fawal N, Tran-Dien A, Hawkey J, Strockbine N, Jenkins C, Talukder KA, Bercion R, Kuleshov K, Kol\u00ednsk\u00e1 R, Russell JE, Kaftyreva L, Accou-Demartin M, Karas A, Vandenberg O, Mather AE, Mason CJ, Page AJ, Ramamurthy T, Bizet C, Gamian A, Carle I, Sow AG, Bouchier C, Wester AL, Lejay-Collin M, Fonkoua MC, Le Hello S, Blaser MJ, Jernberg C, Ruckly C, M\u00e9rens A, Page AL, Aslett M, Roggentin P, Fruth A, Denamur E, Venkatesan M, Bercovier H, Bodhidatta L, Chiou CS, Clermont D, Colonna B, Egorova S, Pazhani GP, Ezernitchi AV, Guigon G, Harris SR, Izumiya H, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Luty\u0144ska A, Gouali M, Grimont F, Langendorf C, Marejkov\u00e1 M, Peterson LA, Perez-Perez G, Ngandjio A, Podkolzin A, Souche E, Makarova M, Shipulin GA, Ye C, \u017demli\u010dkov\u00e1 H, Herpay M, Grimont PA, Parkhill J, Sansonetti P, Holt KE, Brisse S, Thomson NR (2016) Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Nat Microbiol 1:16027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.27","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"5653_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz028","volume":"44","author":"B Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu B, Furevi A, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Cao H, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Knirel YA, Wang L, Widmalm G (2020) Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 44:655\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuz028","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05653-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05653-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05653-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:26:45Z","timestamp":1790764005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05653-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["5653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-026-05653-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, no generative AI and AI-assisted technologies were used.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of AI use","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Miriam Cordovana, Norman Mauder and Markus Kostrzewa are Bruker Daltonics\u2019 employees.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}