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The respective roles of pathogen-specific and host-related factors in determining outcomes are not fully elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify predictors of mortality in anaerobic bacteraemia and to evaluate whether genus-based microbiological classification offers prognostic value beyond established clinical risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective cohort study was performed involving patients with anaerobic bacteraemia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200996) treated at a tertiary-care centre in Hungary from January 2021 to December 2025. Survival was analysed using Kaplan\u2013Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression. The incremental prognostic value of anaerobic genus was assessed using nested multivariable models, with Firth-penalised logistic regression applied as a sensitivity analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 96 patients (median age 68 years), the most common isolates were\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      (33%),\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (17%),\n                      <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      (16%), and\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (9%). Mortality rates were 43.8% at 30 days, and 54.2% at 180 days. Survival varied significantly by genus, with\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteraemia exhibiting the highest mortality (75.0%). Independent predictors of 180-day mortality were increasing age (HR 1.03,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), acute kidney injury (HR 2.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), liver cirrhosis (HR 2.83,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022), hypertension (HR 1.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048), and\n                      <jats:italic>Clost<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>ridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. bacteraemia (HR 3.00,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). Microbiological classification significantly improved model performance (likelihood-ratio\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016). The final model had an apparent 180-day AUC of 0.81.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial genus provides prognostic information beyond host-related risk factors in anaerobic bacteraemia.\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. bacteraemia was associated with the highest mortality and independently predicted 180-day mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05656-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:06:06Z","timestamp":1788314766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic value of the identified genus of anaerobic bacteria in bloodstream infection beyond host-related risk factors: a five-year retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Harmath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Jakab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliz","family":"Boz\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bence","family":"Bal\u00e1zs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Majoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3946-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e1t\u00f3","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"5656_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2022.102583","volume":"75","author":"S Di Bella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Bella S, Antonello RM, Sanson G, Maraolo AE, Giacobbe DR, Sepulcri C et al (2022) Anaerobic bloodstream infections in Italy (ITANAEROBY): A 5-year retrospective nationwide survey. 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Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee of the University of Debrecen, Regional and Institutional Research Ethics Committee (DE RKEB\/IKEB) (approval number: 6508\u2009\u2212\u20092023).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}