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Patients who died within 72\u00a0h or were receiving palliative care were excluded. A structured management bundle was implemented in the intervention phase. Clinical features, bundle adherence, and 90-day mortality were compared by sex. Cox regression was used to assess the association between sex and 90-day mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 250 patients, 77 (31%) were females and 173 (69%) males. Females were younger than males (median 63 [50\u201376] vs. 73 [63\u201380] years;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Cardiovascular disease was more frequent in males (30 [39%] vs. 94 [54%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025), whereas immunosuppressive therapy (29 [38%] vs. 35 [20%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) and connective tissue disease (9 [12%] vs. 2 [1%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were more frequent in females. Persistent bacteraemia (2\/57 [4%] vs. 30\/139 [22%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and infective endocarditis (14 [18%] vs. 59 [34%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) were more frequent in males. Females received fewer bundle measures (5 [3\u20136] vs. 5 [4\u20136];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028), largely because echocardiography and colonoscopy were less frequently indicated. Ninety-day mortality was 22% (17) in females and 14% (25) in males (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.136). Female sex was associated with higher 90-day mortality after adjustment (aHR 2.00, 95%CI 1.04\u20133.83).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further studies should explore the underlying causes of these differences and potential implications for individualized management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05694-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:53:43Z","timestamp":1791982423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-related differences in clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of Enterococcus faecalis bloodstream infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5608-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Escol\u00e0-Verg\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Villamar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Falc\u00f3-Roget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Kirkegaard-Biosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Vi\u00f1ado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Nieves","family":"Larrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pol","family":"Duch-Llorach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"L\u00f3pez-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2115-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Billington EO, Phang SH, Gregson DB, Pitout JDD, Ross T, Church DL et al (2014) Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes for Enterococcus spp. blood stream infections: A population-based study. 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After using this tool, the authors carefully reviewed and revised the content and take full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the manuscript preparation process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"CK reports honoraria from Mundipharma. MNL reports honoraria for lectures and educational activities from Biom\u00e9rieux, Pfizer, Shionogi, Menarini, MSD, and Viatris, and travel support from Pfizer, Diasorin, and Biom\u00e9rieux. SG reports travel support from Menarini. JL reports grants from AstraZeneca and Pfizer outside the submitted work, honoraria for lectures and educational activities from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Advanz, and UCF, and support for attending meetings and travel from Pfizer, MSD, Menarini, AstraZeneca, and Advanz. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}