{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:54:06Z","timestamp":1790794446183,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466121600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"This manuscript was funded by the authors"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2001-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T20:49:03Z","timestamp":1466110143000},"page":"1397-1405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Picosecond lasers for tattoo removal: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ofer","family":"Reiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihi","family":"Atzmony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lehavit","family":"Akerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assi","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Kershenovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Lapidoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mimouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2001_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1983.tb03392.x","volume":"53","author":"GW Grumet","year":"1983","unstructured":"Grumet GW (1983) Psychodynamic implications of tattoos. Am J Orthopsychiatry 53:482\u2013492","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"2001_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.03.026","volume":"55","author":"AE Laumann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laumann AE, Derick AJ (2006) Tattoos and body piercings in the United States: a national data set. J Am Acad Dermatol 55:413\u2013421. doi: 10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.03.026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2003.08.012","volume":"35","author":"ML Armstrong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Armstrong ML, Roberts AE, Owen DC, Koch JR (2004) Contemporary college students and body piercing. J Adolesc Health 35:58\u201361. doi: 10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2003.08.012","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2001_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02714.x","volume":"140","author":"S Varma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Varma S, Lanigan SW (1999) Reasons for requesting laser removal of unwanted tattoos. Br J Dermatol 140:483\u2013485. doi: 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02714.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(72)80043-2","volume":"25","author":"RW Scutt","year":"1972","unstructured":"Scutt RW (1972) The chemical removal of tattoos. Br J Plast Surg 25:189\u2013194. doi: 10.1016\/S0007-1226(72)80043-2","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"2001_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1965.14","volume":"44","author":"L Goldman","year":"1965","unstructured":"Goldman L, Wilson RG, Hornby P, Meyer RG (1965) Radiation from a Q-switched ruby laser. Effect of repeated impacts of power output of 10 megawatts on a tattoo of man. J Invest Dermatol 44:69\u201371","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03130110067016","volume":"201","author":"L Goldman","year":"1967","unstructured":"Goldman L, Rockwell RJ, Meyer R, Otten R, Wilson RG, Kitzmiller KW (1967) Laser treatment of tattoos. A preliminary survey of three years\u2019 clinical experience. JAMA 201:841\u2013844. doi: 10.1001\/jama.1967.03130110067016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2001_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836297","volume":"220","author":"RR Anderson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Anderson RR, Parrish JA (1983) Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 220:524\u2013527. doi: 10.1126\/science.6836297","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2001_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10065","volume":"30","author":"DD-M Ho","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ho DD-M, London R, Zimmerman GB, Young DA (2002) Laser-tattoo removal\u2014a study of the mechanism and the optimal treatment strategy via computer simulations. Lasers Surg Med 30:389\u2013397. doi: 10.1002\/lsm.10065","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"2001_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10561.x","volume":"165","author":"T H\u00f8gsberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"H\u00f8gsberg T, Loeschner K, L\u00f6f D, Serup J (2011) Tattoo inks in general usage contain nanoparticles. Br J Dermatol 165:1210\u20131218. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10561.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram. From Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRSIMA Group (2009) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses: The PRISMA STATEMENT, PLoS Med 6(6): e10000097. (2009)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"2001_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377","volume":"52","author":"SH Downs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Downs SH, Black N (1998) The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 52:377\u2013384. doi: 10.1136\/jech.52.6.377","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2001_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70444-5","volume":"40","author":"RM Herd","year":"1999","unstructured":"Herd RM, Alora MB, Smoller B, Arndt KA, Dover JS (1999) A clinical and histologic prospective controlled comparative study of the picosecond titanium:sapphire (795 nm) laser versus the Q-switched alexandrite (752 nm) laser for removing tattoo pigment. J Am Acad Dermatol 40:603\u2013606. doi: 10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70444-5","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20942","volume":"42","author":"L Izikson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Izikson L, Farinelli W, Sakamoto F, Tannous Z, Anderson RR (2010) Safety and effectiveness of black tattoo clearance in a pig model after a single treatment with a novel 758nm 500 picosecond laser: a pilot study. Lasers Surg Med 42:640\u2013646. doi: 10.1002\/lsm.20942","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"2001_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.2.167","volume":"134","author":"V Ross","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ross V, Naseef G, Lin G, Kelly M, Michaud N, Flotte TJ, Raythen J, Anderson RR (1998) Comparison of responses of tattoos to picosecond and nanosecond Q-switched neodymium: YAG lasers. Arch Dermatol 134:167\u2013171. doi: 10.1001\/archderm.134.2.167","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.2894","volume":"148","author":"N Saedi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saedi N (2012) Treatment of tattoos with a picosecond alexandrite laser: a prospective trial. Arch Dermatol 148:1360\u20131363. doi: 10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.2894","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22391","author":"EF Bernstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bernstein EF, Schomacker KT, Basilavecchio LD, Plugis JM, Bhawalkar JD (2015) A novel dual-wavelength, Nd:YAG, picosecond-domain laser safely and effectively removes multicolor tattoos. Lasers Surg Med. doi: 10.1002\/lsm.22391","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"2001_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.901","volume":"148","author":"JA Brauer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brauer JA, Reddy KK, Anolik R, Weiss ET, Karen JK, Hale EK, Brightman LA, Bernstein L, Geronemus RG (2012) Successful and rapid treatment of blue and green tattoo pigment with a novel picosecond laser. Arch Dermatol 148:820\u2013823. doi: 10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.901","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22354","volume":"47","author":"H Alabdulrazzaq","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alabdulrazzaq H, Brauer JA, Bae Y-S, Geronemus RG (2015) Clearance of yellow tattoo ink with a novel 532-nm picosecond laser. Lasers Surg Med 47:285\u2013288. doi: 10.1002\/lsm.22354","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"2001_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000244","volume":"41","author":"S Au","year":"2015","unstructured":"Au S, Liolios AM, Goldman MP (2015) Analysis of incidence of bulla formation after tattoo treatment using the combination of the picosecond alexandrite laser and fractionated CO2 ablation. Dermatol Surg 41:242\u2013245. doi: 10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000244","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2001_CR21","first-page":"35","volume":"43","author":"MA Fox","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fox MA, McNichols RJ, Gowda A, Motamedi M (2004) The use of the hairless guinea pig in tattoo research. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 43:35\u201338","journal-title":"Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"2001_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680290043007","volume":"129","author":"SL Kilmer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kilmer SL, Lee MS, Grevelink JM, Flotte TJ, Anderson RR (1993) The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser effectively treats tattoos. A controlled, dose\u2013response study. Arch Dermatol 129:971\u2013978. doi: 10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680290043007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03836.x","volume":"135","author":"JE Ferguson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ferguson JE, August PJ (1996) Evaluation of the Nd\/YAG laser for treatment of amateur and professional tattoos. Br J Dermatol 135:586\u2013591","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12162","author":"A Mankowska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mankowska A, Kasprzak W, Adamski Z (2015) Long-term evaluation of ink clearance in tattoos with different color intensity using the 1064-nm Q-switched Nd\u202f:YAG laser. J Cosmet Dermatol. doi: 10.1111\/jocd.12162","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2001_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08122.x","volume":"25","author":"ML Leuenberger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Leuenberger ML, Mulas MW, Hata TR, Goldman MP, Fitzpatrick RE, Grevelink JM (1999) Comparison of the Q-switched alexandrite, ND:YAG, and ruby lasers in treating blue-black tattoos. Dermatol Surg 25:10\u201314. doi: 10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08122.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2001_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.155068","volume":"8","author":"K Sardana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sardana K, Ranjan R, Ghunawat S (2015) Optimising laser tattoo removal. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 8:16\u201324. doi: 10.4103\/0974-2077.155068","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"2001_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02187.x","volume":"38","author":"KM Kent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kent KM, Graber EM (2012) Laser tattoo removal: a review. Dermatol Surg 38:1\u201313. doi: 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02187.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2001_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2012.02.009","volume":"20","author":"JC Mao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mao JC, DeJoseph LM (2012) Latest innovations for tattoo and permanent makeup removal. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 20:125\u2013134. doi: 10.1016\/j.fsc.2012.02.009","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2130-5","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481673600000}}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-016-2001-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-016-2001-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-016-2001-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T17:18:22Z","timestamp":1568049502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-016-2001-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-016-2001-0","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2130-5","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0268-8921","1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-8921","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]}}}