{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:23:28Z","timestamp":1789068208088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03046-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T18:07:08Z","timestamp":1590775628000},"page":"1877-1888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Efficacy, safety, and guidelines of application of the fractional ablative laser erbium YAG 2940 nm and non-ablative laser erbium glass in rejuvenation, skin spots, and acne in different skin phototypes: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2800-3620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora Aparecida Oliveira","family":"Modena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Godoy","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clovis","family":"Grecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Eloin","family":"Liebano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Cristina Tancsik","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Michelini","family":"Guidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3046_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.4.391","volume":"135","author":"KA Khatri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Khatri KA, Ross V, Grevelink JM, Magro CM, Anderson RR (1999) Comparison of erbium: YAG and carbon dioxide lasers in resurfacing of facial rhytides. Arch Dermatol 135(4):391\u2013397","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3046_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2017.1288261","volume":"19","author":"KH Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen KH, Tam KW, Chen IF, Huang SK, Tzeng PC, Wang HJ, Chen CC (2017) A systematic review of comparative studies of CO2 and erbium:YAG lasers in resurfacing facial rhytides (wrinkles). J Cosmet Laser Ther. 19(4):199\u2013204","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"3046_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2635-1","volume":"34","author":"A De Filippis","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Filippis A, Perfetto B, Guerrera LP, Oliviero G, Baroni A (2018) Q-switched 1064 nm Nd-YAG nanosecond laser effects on skin barrier function and on molecular rejuvenation markers in keratinocyte-fibroblasts interaction. Lasers Med Sci. 34(3):595\u2013605","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"3046_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962006000200006","volume":"81","author":"AMR Junior","year":"2006","unstructured":"Junior AMR, Andrade LCF, Oliveira RG, Aarestrup FM, Farias RE (2006) (2006) Modula\u00e7\u00e3o da prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o fibrobl\u00e1stica e da resposta inflamat\u00f3ria pela terapia a laser de baixa intensidade no processo de reparo tecidual. An Bras Dermatol. 81(2):150\u2013156","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"3046_CR5","first-page":"85","volume":"7","author":"FC Barros","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barros FC, Antunes SA, Figueredo CMS, Fischer RG (2008) Laser de baixa intensidade na cicatriza\u00e7\u00e3o periodontal. R Ci Med Biol 7:85\u201389","journal-title":"R Ci Med Biol"},{"key":"3046_CR6","first-page":"29","volume":"4","author":"EM Silva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silva EM, Gomes SP, Ulbrich LM, Giovanini AF (2007) Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o histol\u00f3gica da laserterapia de baixa intensidade na cicatriza\u00e7\u00e3o de tecidos epitelial, conjuntivo e \u00f3sseo: estudo experimental em ratos. Rev Sul-Bras Odontol. 4:29\u201335","journal-title":"Rev Sul-Bras Odontol."},{"issue":"6","key":"3046_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00173.x","volume":"20","author":"VA Narurkar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Narurkar VA (2007) Nonablative fractional treatment in the male patient. Dermatol Ther 20(6):430\u2013435","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"3046_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2002.01131.x","volume":"28","author":"JL Levy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levy JL, Besson R, Mordon S (2002) Determination of optimal parameters for nonablative remodeling with a 1,54 micron Er: glass laser: a dose response study. Dermatol Surg 28(5):405\u2013409","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3046_CR9","first-page":"163","volume":"1","author":"RA Mattos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mattos RA, Valente NYS, Senise M, Campos VB (2009) Laser de Erbium 2940 nm fracionado com pulso duplo, para o fotorrejuvenescimento: estudo cl\u00ednico e histopatol\u00f3gico dos efeitos no tecido cut\u00e2neo. Surg Cosmet Dermatol 1(4):163\u2013167","journal-title":"Surg Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3046_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20406","volume":"39","author":"RK Sink","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sink RK, Hantahs BM, Herrom GS, Rhaman Z, Struck SK, Zachary CB (2007) The effect of pulse energy variations on the dimensions of microscopic thermal treatment zones in nonablative fractional resurfacing. Lasers Surg Med 39(2):145\u2013155","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"3046_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/b138753","volume-title":"Laser dermatology","author":"DJ Goldberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goldberg DJ (2005) Laser dermatology. Springr-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, p 43"},{"key":"3046_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20796","volume":"41","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Kim TG, Kwon YS, Park JM, Lee JH (2009) Comparison of a 1,550 nm erbium:glass fractional laser and a chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) method in the treatment of acne scars: a simultaneous split-face trial. Lasers Surg Med 41:545\u2013549","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3046_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377","volume":"52","author":"SH Downs","year":"1988","unstructured":"Downs SH, Black N (1988) The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Commun Health London 52(6):377\u2013384","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health London"},{"key":"3046_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2111-8","volume":"32","author":"RM Robati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robati RM, Asadi E (2017) Efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser versus fractional Er:YAG laser in the treatment of facial skin wrinkles. Lasers Med Sci 32:238\u2013289","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3046_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2351-2","volume":"33","author":"RM Robati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robati RM, Asadi E, Shafiee A, NamaziN TA (2017) Efficacy of long pulse Nd:YAG lasers versus fractional Er:YAG laser in the treatment of hand wrinkles. Lasers Med. 33(3):461\u2013467","journal-title":"Lasers Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"3046_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2014.999020","volume":"26","author":"HR Moon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moon HR, Yun WJ, Lee YJ, Lee MW, Chang SE (2015) A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of an ablative fractional 2940-nm erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with a nonablative fractional 1550-nm erbium-doped glass laser for the treatment of photoaged Asian skin. J Dermatol Treat 26(6):551\u2013557","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"key":"3046_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20879","volume":"42","author":"S Karsai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karsai S, Czarnecka A, Junger M, Raulin C (2010) Ablative fractional lasers CO2 and Er:YAG: a randomized controlled double-blind split face trial of the treatment of peri-orbital rhytides. Lasers Surg Med 42:160\u2013167","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"3046_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000951","volume":"43","author":"MAR Osman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osman MAR, Shokeir HA, Fawzy MM (2017) Fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser versus microneedling in treatment of atrophic acne scars: a randomized split-face clinical study. Dermatol Surg 43:S47\u2013S56","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"3046_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01513.x","volume":"36","author":"BH Mahmoud","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mahmoud BH, Srivastava D, Janiga JJ, Yang JJ, Lim HW, Ozog DM (2010) Safety and efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser for treatment of acne scars in type IV to VI skin. Dermatol Surg 36:602\u2013609","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"3046_CR20","first-page":"763","volume":"34","author":"BM Hantash","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hantash BM, Coninck E, Liu H, Gladstone HB (2008) Split-Face Comparison of the Erbium Micropeel with Intense Pulsed Light. Dermatol Surg 34:763\u2013772","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"3046_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12372","volume":"40","author":"N Rongsaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rongsaard N, Rummaneethorn P (2014) Comparison of a fractional bipolar radiofrequency device and a fractional erbium-doped glass 1,550-nm device for the treatment of atrophic acne scars: a randomized split-face clinical study. Dermatol Surg 40:14\u201321","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"3046_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20796","volume":"41","author":"JH Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim JH, Kim TG, Known YS, Park JM, Lee JH (2009) Comparison of a 1,550 nm erbium:glass fractional laser and a chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) method in the treatment of acne scars: a simultaneous split-face trial. Lasers Surg Med 41:545\u2013549","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3046_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1567814","volume":"31","author":"M Reinholz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reinholz M, Schwaiger H, Heppt MV, Poetschke J, Tietze J, Epple A, Ruzicka T, Kaudewitz P, Gauglitz GG (2015) Comparison of two kinds of lasers in the treatment of acne scars. Facial Plast Surg. 31(5):523\u2013531","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg."},{"key":"3046_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12030","volume":"39","author":"W Manuskiatti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manuskiatti W, Iamphonrat T, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Eimpunth S (2013) Comparison of fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and carbon dioxide lasers in resurfacing of atrophic acne scars in Asians. Dermatol Surg 39:111\u2013120","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"3046_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2013.877749","volume":"16","author":"HJ Jun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jun HJ, Kim SM, Choi WJ, Cho SH, Lee JD, Kim HS (2014) A split-face, evaluator-blind randomized study on the early effects of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser versus Er:YAG micropeel in light solar lentigines in Asians. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 16:83\u201388","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther."},{"key":"3046_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04292.x","volume":"49","author":"W Manuskiatti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manuskiatti W, Siriphukpong S, Varothai S, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Fitzpatrick R (2010) Effect of pulse width of a variable square pulse (VSP) erbium:YAG laser on the treatment outcome of periorbital wrinkles in Asians. Int J Dermatol 49:200\u2013206","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"3046_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01353.x","volume":"36","author":"T Dainichi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dainichi T, Kawaguchi A, Ueda S, Tajiri R, Fumimori T, Kakuma T, Hashimoto T (2010) Skin tightening effect using fractional laser treatment: I. A randomized half-side pilot study on faces of patients with acne. Dermatol Surg 36:66\u201370","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3046_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02298.x","volume":"38","author":"P Wattanakrai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wattanakrai P, Pootongkam S, Rojhirunsakool S (2012) Periorbital rejuvenation with fractional 1,550-nm ytterbium\/erbium fiber laser and variable square pulse 2,940-nm erbium:YAG laser in Asians: a comparison study. Dermatol Surg. 38(4):610\u2013622","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg."},{"issue":"87\u201395","key":"3046_CR29","first-page":"6","volume":"39","author":"BM Hantash","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hantash BM, Bedi VP, Chan KF, Zachary CB (2007) Ex vivo histological characterization of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device. Lasers Surg Med 39(87\u201395):6","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3046_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-015-1792-8","volume":"30","author":"L Tao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tao L, Wu J, Qian H, Lu Z, Li Y, Wang W, Zhao X, Tu P, Yin R, Xiang L (2015) Intense pulsed light, near infrared pulsed light, and fractional laser combination therapy for skin rejuvenation in Asian subjects: a prospective multi-center study in China. Lasers Med Sci. 30(7):1977\u20131983","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci."},{"key":"3046_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1159\/000328241","volume":"42","author":"RJ Weber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weber RJ, Taylor BR, Engelman DE (2011) Laser-induced tissue reactions and dermatology. Curr Probl Dermatol 42:24\u201334","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3046_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70286-2","volume":"19","author":"TS Alster","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alster TS, Lupton JR (2001) Erbium:YAG cutaneous laser resurfacing. Dermatol Clin. 19(3):453\u2013466","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"3046_CR33","first-page":"141","volume":"16","author":"AJ Welch","year":"1989","unstructured":"Welch AJ, Torres JH, Cheong WF (1989) Laser physics and laser-tissue interaction. Tex Heart Inst J. 16(3):141\u2013149","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J."},{"issue":"1","key":"3046_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-009-0734-8","volume":"25","author":"B Allemann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allemann B, Kaufman J (2010) Fractional photothermolysis\u2013an update. Lasers Med Sci 25(1):137\u2013144","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3046_CR35","first-page":"5","volume":"37","author":"G Catorze","year":"2009","unstructured":"Catorze G (2009) Laser: fundamentos e indica\u00e7\u00f5es em dermatologia. Med Cutan Iber Lat Am. 37(1):5\u201327","journal-title":"Med Cutan Iber Lat Am."},{"key":"3046_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-008-0545-3","volume":"24","author":"MA Trelles","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trelles MA, Mordon S, Velez M, Urdiales F, Levy JL (2009) Results of fractional ablative facial skin resurfacing with the erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser 1 week and 2 months after one single treatment in 30 patients. Lasers Med Sci 24:186\u2013194","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3046_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2165\/11538940-000000000-00000","volume":"11","author":"S Shah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shah S, Alster TS (2010 Dec 1) (2010) Laser treatment of dark skin: an updated review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 11(6):389\u2013397","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"3046_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-725X.2006.00167.x","volume":"12","author":"YB Choe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Choe YB, Jang SJ, Jo SJ, Ahn KJ, Youn JI (2006) The difference between the constitutive and facultative skin color does not reflect skin phototype in Asian skin. Skin Res Technol 12:68\u201372","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3046_CR39","first-page":"135","volume":"3","author":"FB Costa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costa FB, El Ammar ABP, Campos VB, Kalil CLPV (2011) Complica\u00e7\u00f5es com o uso de lasers. Parte II: laser ablativo fracionado e n\u00e3o fracionado e laser n\u00e3o ablativo fracionado. Surg Cosmet Dermatol. 3(2):135\u2013146","journal-title":"Surg Cosmet Dermatol."},{"key":"3046_CR40","unstructured":"(2009) Laser: fundamentos e indica\u00e7\u00f5es em dermatologia. Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 37(1):5\u201327"},{"issue":"4","key":"3046_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.12.012","volume":"69","author":"HJ You","year":"2016","unstructured":"You HJ, Kim DW, Yoon ES, Park SH (2016) Comparison of four different lasers for acne scars: resurfacing and fractional lasers. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 69(4):e87\u2013e95","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"3046_CR42","first-page":"709","volume":"27","author":"EV Ross","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ross EV, Miller C, Meehan K, Pac MKJ, Sajben P, Trafeli JP, Barnette DJ (2001) One-pass CO2 versus multiple-pass Er:YAG laser resurfacing in the treatment of rhytides: a comparison side-by-side study of pulsed CO2 and Er:YAG lasers. Dermatol Surg. 27(8):709\u2013715","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg."},{"key":"3046_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"NF Agamia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agamia NF, Sorror O, Alrashidy M, Tawfik AA, Badawi A (2020) Clinical and histopathological comparison of microneedling combined with platelets rich plasma versus fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser 2940\u2009nm in treatment of atrophic post traumatic scar: a randomized controlled study. J Dermatolog Treat. 2:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat."}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-020-03046-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-020-03046-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-020-03046-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T20:23:49Z","timestamp":1622233429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-020-03046-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-020-03046-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-8921","1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-8921","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The research was not submitted to an ethics committee, as it was a review study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}