{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:50:34Z","timestamp":1789156234506,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[No.3\/2\/Jan. 2018\/PG-Thesis-HRD (47)]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[No.3\/2\/Jan. 2018\/PG-Thesis-HRD (47)]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03480-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T22:02:56Z","timestamp":1638396176000},"page":"2063-2070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparative efficacy of topical aloe vera and low-level laser therapy in the management of oral lichen planus: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9481-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Girish","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujoy","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3480_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1667-2","volume":"308","author":"MS Alrashdan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alrashdan MS, Cirillo N, McCullough M (2016) Oral lichen planus: a literature review and update. Arch Dermatol Res 308(8):539\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-016-1667-2","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3480_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01142.x","volume":"11","author":"D Eisen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eisen D, Carrozzo M, Bagan Sebastian JV, Thongprasom K (2005) Number V Oral lichen planus: clinical features and management. Oral Dis 11(6):338\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01142.x","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3480_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.03.004","volume":"28","author":"D Farhi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farhi D, Dupin N (2010) Pathophysiology, etiologic factors, and clinical management of oral lichen planus, part I: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 28(1):100\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.03.004","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3480_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.03.011","volume":"122","author":"ZB Kurago","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurago ZB (2016) Etiology and pathogenesis of oral lichen planus: an overview. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 122(1):72\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.03.011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3480_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2003.08.001","volume":"40","author":"MD Mignogna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L, Bucci E (2004) Immune activation and chronic inflammation as the cause of malignancy in oral lichen planus: is there any evidence\u202f? Oral Oncol 40(2):120\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2003.08.001","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3480_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12885","volume":"25","author":"M Giuliani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giuliani M, Troiano G, Cordaro M et al (2019) Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: a systematic review. Oral Dis 25(3):693\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.12885","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"3480_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12634","volume":"23","author":"S Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta S, Ghosh S, Gupta S (2017) Interventions for the management of oral lichen planus: a review of the conventional and novel therapies. Oral Dis 23(8):1029\u20131042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.12634","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3480_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08106.x","volume":"157","author":"M Escudier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Escudier M, Ahmed N, Shirlaw P et al (2007) A scoring system for mucosal disease severity with special reference to oral lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 157(4):765\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08106.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3480_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13104","volume":"25","author":"G Mergoni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mergoni G, Magnani V, Goldoni M, Vescovi P, Manfredi M (2019) Effects of oral healthcare motivation in patients with gingival oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled trial. Oral Dis 25(5):1335\u20131343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.13104","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3480_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13444","volume":"30","author":"M Kunz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kunz M, Urosevic-Maiwald M, Goldinger SM et al (2016) Efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin in severe oral lichen planus\u2013results of a prospective pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 30(2):293\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.13444","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3480_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"068002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.6.068002","volume":"19","author":"CS Dillenburg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dillenburg CS, Martins MA, Munerato MC et al (2014) Efficacy of laser phototherapy in comparison to topical clobetasol for the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled trial. J Biomed Opt 19(6):068002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.19.6.068002","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"3480_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Misra N, Chittoria N, Umapathy D, Misra P (2013) Efficacy of diode laser in the management of oral lichen planus. BMJ Case Rep. 2013:bcr2012007609. Published 2013 Mar 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007609","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007609"},{"issue":"1","key":"3480_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2016.21.1.55","volume":"21","author":"SS Varghese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Varghese SS, George GB, Sarojini SB et al (2016) Epidemiology of oral lichen planus in a cohort of South Indian population: a retrospective study. J Cancer Prev 21(1):55\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15430\/JCP.2016.21.1.55","journal-title":"J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"3480_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lauritano D, Arrica M, Lucchese A, et al (2016) Oral lichen planus clinical characteristics in Italian patients: a retrospective analysis. Head Face Med. 12:18. Published 2016 Apr 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-016-0115-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-016-0115-z"},{"issue":"8","key":"3480_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2005.00341.x","volume":"34","author":"JL Xue","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xue JL, Fan MW, Wang SZ, Chen XM, Li Y, Wang L (2005) A clinical study of 674 patients with oral lichen planus in China. J Oral Pathol Med 34(8):467\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2005.00341.x","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"3480_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salehi B, Lopez-Jornet P, Pons-Fuster L\u00f3pez E, et al (2019) Plant-derived bioactives in oral mucosal lesions: a key emphasis to curcumin, lycopene, chamomile,\u00a0aloe vera, green tea and coffee properties. Biomolecules. 9(3):106. Published 2019 Mar 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom9030106","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9030106"},{"issue":"9","key":"3480_CR17","first-page":"793","volume":"43","author":"RL Reddy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reddy RL, Reddy RS, Ramesh T, Singh TR, Swapna LA, Laxmi NV (2012) Randomized trial of aloe vera gel vs triamcinolone acetonide ointment in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Quintessence Int 43(9):793\u2013800","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"3480_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2019.1524944","volume":"95","author":"RA Mussttaf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mussttaf RA, Jenkins DFL, Jha AN (2019) Assessing the impact of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on biological systems: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 95(2):120\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09553002.2019.1524944","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3480_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-013-1313-6","volume":"29","author":"A Cafaro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cafaro A, Arduino PG, Massolini G, Romagnoli E, Broccoletti R (2014) Clinical evaluation of the efficiency of low-level laser therapy for oral lichen planus: a prospective case series. Lasers Med Sci 29(1):185\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-013-1313-6","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3480_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08370.x","volume":"158","author":"C Choonhakarn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Choonhakarn C, Busaracome P, Sripanidkulchai B, Sarakarn P (2008) The efficacy of aloe vera gel in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 158(3):573\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08370.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3480_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00947.x","volume":"39","author":"N Salazar-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salazar-S\u00e1nchez N, L\u00f3pez-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, S\u00e1nchez-Siles M (2010) Efficacy of topical aloe vera in patients with oral lichen planus: a randomized double-blind study. J Oral Pathol Med 39(10):735\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00947.x","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3480_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04410.x","volume":"145","author":"SW Choi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Choi SW, Son BW, Son YS, Park YI, Lee SK, Chung MH (2001) The wound-healing effect of a glycoprotein fraction isolated from aloe vera. Br J Dermatol 145(4):535\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04410.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3480_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4827","volume":"27","author":"R Bawankar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bawankar R, Deepti VC, Singh P, Subashkumar R, Vivekanandhan G, Babu S (2013) Evaluation of bioactive potential of an aloe vera sterol extract. Phytother Res 27(6):864\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.4827","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3480_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2015.112","volume":"3","author":"HM Elshenawy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elshenawy HM, Eldin AM, Abdelmonem MA (2015) Clinical Assessment of the efficiency of low level laser therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 3(4):717\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3889\/oamjms.2015.112","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3480_CR25","first-page":"58","volume":"5","author":"S Farivar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farivar S, Malekshahabi T, Shiari R (2014) Biological effects of low level laser therapy. J Lasers Med Sci 5(2):58\u201362","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3480_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20148","volume":"36","author":"TI Karu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karu TI, Pyatibrat LV, Afanasyeva NI (2005) Cellular effects of low power laser therapy can be mediated by nitric oxide. Lasers Surg Med 36(4):307\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20148","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3480_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12619","volume":"47","author":"Z Akram","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akram Z, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, Javed F (2018) Efficacy of low-level laser therapy compared to steroid therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 47(1):11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jop.12619","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03480-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03480-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03480-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T11:34:19Z","timestamp":1648726459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03480-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03480-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Prior consent was taken from all co-authors for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}