{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T08:13:06Z","timestamp":1771402386107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04328-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T12:40:17Z","timestamp":1743770417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of pentoxifylline on efficacy, safety, tolerability, and treatment satisfaction of fractional carbon dioxide laser in patients with burn scars: a pilot blinded randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-9114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Dilmaghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Behrangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0577-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pardis","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1102-6241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2862-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Roohaninasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3064-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash Pour","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farnoosh","family":"Seirafianpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1249-4429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azadeh","family":"Goodarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4328_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304040-00003","volume":"4","author":"TS Alster","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alster TS, Tanzi EL (2003) Hypertrophic scars and keloids: etiology and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 4:235\u2013243","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4328_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198310000-00009","volume":"23","author":"EA DEITCH","year":"1983","unstructured":"DEITCH EA, WHEELAHAN TM, ROSE MP, Clothier J, Cotter J (1983) Hypertrophic burn scars: analysis of variables. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 23(10):895\u2013898","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"4328_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.98257.x","volume":"25","author":"RS English","year":"1999","unstructured":"English RS, Shenefelt PD (1999) Keloids and hypertrophic scars. Dermatol Surg 25(8):631\u2013638","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"4328_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1982.tb01092.x","volume":"8","author":"SV Pollack","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pollack SV, Goslen JB (1982) The Surgical Treatment of keloids. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 8(12):1045\u20131049","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"4328_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197403000-00004","volume":"53","author":"K Mathangi-Ramarkrishnan","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mathangi-Ramarkrishnan K, Pothan-Thomas K, Cheyyur R (1974) Study of 1,000 patients with keloidal scars in South India. Plast Reconst Surg 53:276\u2013280","journal-title":"Plast Reconst Surg"},{"key":"4328_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urioste SS, Arndt KA, Dover JS (eds) (1999) Keloids and hypertrophic scars: review and treatment strategies. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(99)80040-6"},{"issue":"8","key":"4328_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.1993.93.8.863","volume":"93","author":"BJ Abrams","year":"1993","unstructured":"Abrams BJ, Benedetto AV, Humeniuk HM (1993) Exuberant keloidal formation. J Osteopath Med 93(8):863","journal-title":"J Osteopath Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4328_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198911000-00021","volume":"84","author":"WB Rockwell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rockwell WB, Cohen IK, Ehrlich HP (1989) Keloids and hypertrophic scars: a comprehensive review. Plast Reconstr Surg 84(5):827\u2013837","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4328_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30598-8","volume":"14","author":"R Rudolph","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rudolph R (1987) Wide spread scars, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. Clin Plast Surg 14(2):253\u2013260","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4328_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555575102104","volume":"75","author":"H Nakaoka","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nakaoka H, Miyauchi S, Miki Y (1995) Proliferating activity of dermal fibroblasts in keloids and hypertrophic scars. Acta dermato-venereologica 75(2):102\u2013104","journal-title":"Acta dermato-venereologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"4328_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14557","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14557","volume":"21","author":"A Jafarzadeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jafarzadeh A, PourMohammad A, Goodarzi A (2024) A systematic review of the efficacy, safety and satisfaction of regenerative medicine treatments, including platelet-rich plasma, stromal vascular fraction and stem cell-conditioned medium for hypertrophic scars and keloids. Int Wound J 21(4):e14557","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"4328_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Jang YJ (2018) Recent understandings of Biology, Prophylaxis and Treatment strategies for hypertrophic scars and keloids. Int J Mol Sci 19(3)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030711"},{"issue":"1","key":"4328_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24110-y","volume":"12","author":"C-C Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng C-C, Hu Y-F, Zhu D-H, Cheng Q, Gu J-J, Feng Q-L et al (2021) Single-cell RNA-seq reveals fibroblast heterogeneity and increased mesenchymal fibroblasts in human fibrotic skin diseases. Nat Commun 12(1):3709","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"4328_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2019.01.027","volume":"72","author":"H Douglas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Douglas H, Lynch J, Harms K-A, Krop T, Kunath L, van Vreeswijk C et al (2019) Carbon dioxide laser treatment in burn-related scarring: a prospective randomised controlled trial. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg 72(6):863\u2013870","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4328_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03480-8","volume":"14","author":"M Roohaninasab","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roohaninasab M, Khodadad F, Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan A, Atefi N, Zare S, Jafarzadeh A et al (2023) Efficacy of fractional CO(2) laser in combination with stromal vascular fraction (SVF) compared with fractional CO(2) laser alone in the treatment of burn scars: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 14(1):269","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4328_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-03976-6","volume":"39","author":"MK Kivi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kivi MK, Jafarzadeh A, Hosseini-Baharanchi FS, Salehi S, Goodarzi A (2024) The efficacy, satisfaction, and safety of carbon dioxide (CO2) fractional laser in combination with pulsed dye laser (PDL) versus each one alone in the treatment of hypertrophic burn scars: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 39(1):69","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4328_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2016.1109443","volume":"9","author":"M Ahmadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmadi M, Khalili H (2016) Potential benefits of pentoxifylline on wound healing. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 9(1):129\u2013142","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4328_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.142528","volume":"5","author":"I Hassan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hassan I, Dorjay K, Anwar P (2014) Pentoxifylline and its applications in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online J 5(4):510\u2013516","journal-title":"Indian Dermatology Online J"},{"issue":"6","key":"4328_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-022-02509-x","volume":"315","author":"EY Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim EY, Hussain A, Khachemoune A (2023) Evidence-based management of keloids and hypertrophic scars in dermatology. Arch Dermatol Res 315(6):1487\u20131495","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4328_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.08.004","volume":"32","author":"JM Rawlins","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rawlins JM, Lam WL, Karoo RO, Naylor IL, Sharpe DT (2006) Pentoxifylline inhibits mature burn scar fibroblasts in culture. Burns 32(1):42\u201345","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"7","key":"4328_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2021.08.010","volume":"47","author":"W Peng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng W, Zhang X, Kong X, Shi K (2021) The efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser therapy in the treatment of burn scars: a meta-analysis. Burns 47(7):1469\u20131477","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"4328_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-015-1824-4","volume":"31","author":"O Azzam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Azzam O, Bassiouny D, El-Hawary M, El Maadawi Z, Sobhi R, El-Mesidy M (2016) Treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids by fractional carbon dioxide laser: a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Lasers Med Sci 31:9\u201318","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"4328_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2204-z","volume":"32","author":"J Poetschke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poetschke J, Dornseifer U, Clementoni MT, Reinholz M, Schwaiger H, Steckmeier S et al (2017) Ultrapulsed fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser treatment of hypertrophic burn scars: evaluation of an in-patient controlled, standardized treatment approach. Lasers Med Sci 32:1031\u20131040","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4328_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2020.10.026","volume":"47","author":"KJ Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi KJ, Williams EA, Pham CH, Collier ZJ, Dang J, Yenikomshian HA et al (2021) Fractional CO2 laser treatment for burn scar improvement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Burns 47(2):259\u2013269","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"9","key":"4328_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14498","volume":"23","author":"F Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang F, Chen E, Yang Y, Han F, Han S, Wu G et al (2019) The Akt\/FoxO\/p27Kip1 axis contributes to the anti-proliferation of pentoxifylline in hypertrophic scars. J Cell Mol Med 23(9):6164\u20136172","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4328_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2008.11.017","volume":"35","author":"C Isaac","year":"2009","unstructured":"Isaac C, Mathor MB, Bariani G, Paggiaro AO, Herson MR, Goldenstein-Schainberg C et al (2009) Pentoxifylline modifies three-dimensional collagen lattice model contraction and expression of collagen types I and III by human fibroblasts derived from post-burn hypertrophic scars and from normal skin. Burns 35(5):701\u2013706","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"6","key":"4328_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.11.002","volume":"36","author":"C Isaac","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isaac C, Carvalho VF, Paggiaro AO, de Maio M, Ferreira MC (2010) Intralesional pentoxifylline as an adjuvant treatment for perioral post-burn hypertrophic scars. Burns 36(6):831\u2013835","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"10","key":"4328_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14305","volume":"20","author":"YMA Serag-Eldin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Serag-Eldin YMA, Mahmoud WH, Gamea MM, Hegab DS (2021) Intralesional pentoxifylline, triamcinolone acetonide, and their combination for treatment of keloid scars. J Cosmet Dermatol 20(10):3330\u20133340","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4328_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70091","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70091","volume":"21","author":"M Roohaninasab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roohaninasab M, Najar Nobari N, Ghassemi M, Behrangi E, Jafarzadeh A, Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan A, Goodarzi A (2024) A systematic review of procedural treatments for burn scars in children: evaluating efficacy, safety, standard protocols, average sessions and tolerability based on clinical studies. Int Wound J 21(10):e70091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.70091PMID: 39379072; PMCID: PMC11461021","journal-title":"Int Wound J"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04328-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04328-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04328-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:20:03Z","timestamp":1771399203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04328-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04328-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was conducted in according to approval of research ethics committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All the authors declare that there is no conflict of interest for this project.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"174"}}