{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T08:16:14Z","timestamp":1771402574966,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04355-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T06:03:28Z","timestamp":1739945008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multilayered numerical modelling of bio-thermal aspects during laser assisted treatment of internal haemorrhoid developed in rectum"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9388-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaideep","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4355_CR1","unstructured":"Yang HK (2014) Haemorrhoids. 1st edn. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, 978-3-642-41798-6, pp 25\u201340"},{"key":"4355_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West AB, Mitchell KA (2008) Vascular disorders of the GI tract. 2nd edn. Elsevier, 9781437719598, pp 185\u2013230","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-141604059-0.50013-8"},{"key":"4355_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.12.007","volume":"135","author":"F Valvo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valvo F et al (2019) Cancer of the anal region. Crit Rev Onc 135:115\u2013127","journal-title":"Crit Rev Onc"},{"key":"4355_CR4","unstructured":"Barrett T (2014) Hemorrhoids no more: the complete guide on hemorrhoids causes & symptoms, hemorrhoids treatments, & how never to have hemorrhoids ever again. 1st edn. Createspace Independent Pub, 978-1499316582, pp 85\u201388"},{"key":"4355_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldman L, Schafer AI (2012) Goldman's Cecil medicine. 24th edn. Elsevier, 978-1-4377-1604-7, pp 1145\u20131148","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-1604-7.00178-0"},{"key":"4355_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salyer S W (2007) Essential emergency medicine. 1st edn. Elsevier, 978-1-4160-2971-7, pp 555\u2013574","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-141602971-7.10011-X"},{"key":"4355_CR7","unstructured":"Weidner N et al (2009) Modern surgical pathology. 2nd edn. Elsevier, 978-1-4160-3966-2, pp 1174\u20131178"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2009.10.005","volume":"90","author":"MDEB Sneider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sneider MDEB, Maykel MDJA (2010) Diagnosis and management of symptomatic haemorrhoids. Surg Clin North Am 90(1):17\u201332","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2018.01.002","volume":"16","author":"S Dehdari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dehdari S et al (2018) Traditional and modern aspects of haemorrhoid treatment in Iran: a review. J Integra Med 16(2):90\u201398","journal-title":"J Integra Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"4355_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i17.2009","volume":"18","author":"V Lohsiriwat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lohsiriwat V (2012) Haemorrhoids: from basic pathophysiology to clinical management. World J Gastroenterol 18(17):2009\u20132017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4355_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750712","volume":"75","author":"CP Gibbons","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gibbons CP, Bannister JJ, Read NW (1988) Role of constipation and anal hypertonia in the pathogenesis of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 75(7):656\u2013660","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90828-O","volume":"98","author":"JF Johanson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A (1990) The prevalence of haemorrhoids and chronic constipation. An epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology 98(2):380\u2013386","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4355_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nouri K (2018) Lasers in dermatology and medicine: dental and medical applications. 2nd edn. Springer International Publishing AG, pp 546\u2013548","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76220-3"},{"key":"4355_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(69)90053-5","volume":"9","author":"LF John","year":"1969","unstructured":"John LF (1969) The use of laser radiation as a surgical light Knife. J Surg Res 9:199\u2013204","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"4355_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/232131a0","volume":"232","author":"RR Hall","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hall RR et al (1971) Incision of tissue by carbon dioxide laser. Nature 232:131\u2013132","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4355_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02471715","volume":"19","author":"H Iwagaki","year":"1989","unstructured":"Iwagaki H, Higuchi Y, Fuchimoto S et al (1989) The laser treatment of haemorrhoids: results of a study on 1816 patients. Jap J Surg 19:658\u2013661","journal-title":"Jap J Surg"},{"key":"4355_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050213","volume":"34","author":"JY Wang","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wang JY et al (1991) The role of lasers in haemorrhoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 34:78\u201382","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.1998.8.83","volume":"8","author":"LL Barr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barr LL, Jantz TA (1998) Effects of various laser wavelengths and energy levels on pig rectal submucosal tissue. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 8(2):83\u201387","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"4355_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00053-007-7029-y","volume":"29","author":"A Karahaliloglu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karahaliloglu A (2007) First results after laser obliteration of first- and second-degree haemorrhoids. Coloproctology 29:327\u2013336","journal-title":"Coloproctology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00053-009-0009-7","volume":"31","author":"R Salfi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salfi R (2009) A new technique for ambulatory hemorrhoidal treatment. Coloproctology 31(2):99\u2013103","journal-title":"Coloproctology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2008.2368","volume":"27","author":"H Plapler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plapler H et al (2009) A new method for haemorrhoid surgery: intra-haemorrhoidal diode laser, does it work? Photomed Laser Surg 27(5):819\u2013823","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1370-x","volume":"25","author":"P Giamundo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giamundo P et al (2011) Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal laser procedure for the treatment of symptomatic haemorrhoids: experimental background and short-term clinical results of a new mini-invasive treatment. Surg Endosc 25(5):1369\u20131375","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"7","key":"4355_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2478\/v10035-012-0055-7","volume":"84","author":"A Jahanshahi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jahanshahi A, Mashhadizadeh E, Sarmast M-H (2012) Diode laser for treatment of symptomatic haemorrhoid: a short-term clinical result of a mini-invasive treatment, and one year follow up. Pol Przegl Chir 84(7):329\u2013332","journal-title":"Pol Przegl Chir"},{"key":"4355_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2014.22.365-367","volume":"22","author":"H Maloku","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maloku H, Gashi Z, Lazovic R, Islami H, Juniku-Shkololli A (2014) Laser haemorrhoidoplasty procedure vs open surgical haemorrhoidectomy: a trial comparing 2 treatments for haemorrhoids of third and fourth degree. Acta Inf Med 22:365\u2013377","journal-title":"Acta Inf Med"},{"key":"4355_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.10.020","volume":"208","author":"MD Nicola Crea","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nicola Crea MD et al (2014) Hemorrhoidal laser procedure: short- and long-term results from a prospective study. Am J Surg 208:21\u201325","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4355_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-016-1479-6","volume":"20","author":"P Nardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nardi P, De, Tamburini AM, Gazzetta PG, Lemma M, Pascariello A, Asteria CR (2016) Haemorrhoid laser procedure for second- and third-degree haemorrhoids: results from a multicenter prospective study. Tech Coloproctol 20(7):455\u2013459","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"P Boarini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boarini P, Boarini LR, Boarini MR, Lima EM, Candelaria PA (2017) Hemorrhoidal laser procedure (HeLP): a painless treatment for hemorrhoids. J Inflam Bowel Dis Disor 2(2):1\u20134","journal-title":"J Inflam Bowel Dis Disor"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR28","first-page":"325","volume":"30","author":"M Naderan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naderan M, Shoar S, Nazari M, Elsayed A, Mahmoodzadeh H, Khorgami Z (2017) A randomized controlled trial comparing laser intra-hemorrhoidal coagulation and Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. J Investig Surg off J Acad Surg Res 30(5):325\u2013331","journal-title":"J Investig Surg off J Acad Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-019-00694-5","volume":"72","author":"L Brusciano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brusciano L et al (2019) Postoperative discomfort and pain in the management of haemorrhoidal disease: laser haemorrhoidoplasty, a minimal invasive treatment of symptomatic haemorrhoids. Updates Surg 72(3):851\u2013857","journal-title":"Updates Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-019-03460-6","volume":"35","author":"T Poskus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poskus T et al (2020) Results of the double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing laser haemorrhoidoplasty with sutured mucopexy and excisional haemorrhoidectomy. Int J Color Dis 35(3):481\u2013490","journal-title":"Int J Color Dis"},{"key":"4355_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2020-0027","volume":"15","author":"D Danys","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danys D et al (2020) Tissue coagulation in laser haemorrhoidoplasty \u2013 an experimental study. Open Med (Wars) 15:185\u2013189","journal-title":"Open Med (Wars)"},{"key":"4355_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_97_22","volume":"11","author":"B Diop","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diop B et al (2021) Treatment of haemorrhoidal disease by laser haemorrhoidoplasty at Dakar Preliminary Study of 21 patients. J West Afr Coll Surg 11:33\u201337","journal-title":"J West Afr Coll Surg"},{"key":"4355_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-024-02425-z","volume":"24","author":"L Jin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jin L et al (2024) Laser haemorrhoidoplasty vs. rubber band ligation: a randomized trial comparing 2 mini-invasive treatment for grade II haemorrhoids. BMC Surg 24:1\u20138","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"4355_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.91","volume":"10","author":"DF Altomare","year":"2013","unstructured":"Altomare DF, Giuratrabocchetta S (2013) Conservative and surgical treatment of haemorrhoids. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:513\u2013521","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4355_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03142-8","volume":"36","author":"G Longchamp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Longchamp G et al (2021) Non-excisional laser therapies for hemorrhoidal disease: a systematic review of the literature. Lasers Med Sci 36:485\u2013496","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"4355_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03333-x","volume":"37","author":"A Trigui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trigui A et al (2021) Laser utility in the treatment of hemorrhoidal pathology: a review of literature. Lasers Med Sci 37:693\u2013699","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"4355_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-021-02430-x","volume":"25","author":"L Dekker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dekker L et al (2021) Rubber band ligation versus haemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of grade II\u2013III haemorrhoids: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. Techn Coloproc 25:663\u2013674","journal-title":"Techn Coloproc"},{"key":"4355_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-024-01776-9","volume":"76","author":"G Gallo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gallo G, Picciariello A, Tufano A, Camporese G (2024) Clinical evidence and rationale of mesoglycan to treat chronic venous disease and hemorrhoidal disease: a narrative review. Updates Surg 76:423\u2013434","journal-title":"Updates Surg"},{"key":"4355_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-04046-7","volume":"39","author":"J Dutta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dutta J (2024) Biothermal response during laser haemorrhoidoplasty: an exclusive analytical and numerical approach for theoretical investigation. Lasers Med Sci 39:1\u201312","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"HH Pennes","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pennes HH (1984) Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperature in the resting forearm. J Appl Physiol 1(2):1\u201330","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4355_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118411285","volume-title":"Heat conduction","author":"DW Hahn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hahn DW, Ozisik M (2012) Heat conduction, 3rd edn. Wiley","edition":"3"},{"key":"4355_CR42","first-page":"978","volume-title":"Physics of thermal therapy: Fundamentals and clinical applications","author":"E Moros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moros E (2020) Physics of thermal therapy: Fundamentals and clinical applications, 1st edn. CRC, pp 978\u20130367576639","edition":"1"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2514\/1.37267","volume":"22","author":"K-C Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu K-C, Cheng P-J (2008) Finite propagation of heat transfer in a multilayer tissue. J Thermophys Heat Trans 22(4):775\u2013782","journal-title":"J Thermophys Heat Trans"},{"key":"4355_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2014.06.033","volume":"86","author":"TY Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng TY, Herman C (2014) Analysis of skin cooling for quantitative dynamic infrared imaging of near-surface lesions. Int J Therm Sci 86:175\u2013188","journal-title":"Int J Therm Sci"},{"key":"4355_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"S Siri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siri S et al (2020) The macro- and micro-mechanics of the colon and rectum I: experimental evidence. Bioeng 7:1\u201316","journal-title":"Bioeng"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04355-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04355-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04355-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:23:16Z","timestamp":1771399396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04355-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04355-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"I, the undersigned declare that this manuscript is original, has not been published before and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations\u00a0of interest statement"}},{"value":"I wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations\u00a0of interest statement"}},{"value":"I confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. I further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by me.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations\u00a0of interest statement"}},{"value":"I confirm that I have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. In so doing I confirm that I have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual property.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations\u00a0of interest statement"}},{"value":"I understand that the Corresponding Author is the sole contact for the Editorial process (including Editorial Manager and direct communications with the office). He\/she is responsible for communicating with the other authors about progress, submissions of revisions and final approval of proofs. I confirm that I have provided a current, correct email address which is accessible by the Corresponding Author.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations\u00a0of interest statement"}},{"value":"The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest in this work. The author declares that they he doesn\u2019t have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"105"}}