{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:33:45Z","timestamp":1793255625017,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) and Photobiomodulation (PBM) in treating Oral Lichen Planus (OLP), and explores optimal PBM parameter settings. A search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and SinoMed was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on laser therapy for OLP up to October 30, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Jadad score. Eighteen studies were identified, with 16 involving 742 participants included in the meta-analysis. Eleven studies compared PBM with topical corticosteroids (TCS), and five compared HILT with TCS. HILT provided superior pain relief compared to TCS (SMD\u2009=\u2009-0.51, 95% CI [-0.79,-0.23]), while PBM showed comparable outcomes (SMD\u2009=\u2009-0.41, 95% CI [-0.87, 0.04]). PBM was more effective at pain relief with total energy density below 120 J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Both HILT and PBM reduced recurrence rates (RR\u2009=\u20090.33,95%CI [0.15,0.73]; RR\u2009=\u20090.43, 95% CI [0.25, 0.74]) and improved cure rates (RR\u2009=\u20091.44, 95% CI [1.01, 2.06]; RR\u2009=\u20091.47, 95% CI [1.05, 2.05]). PBM had no adverse reactions, while HILT and TCS had associated adverse events. HILT and PBM may be considered effective alternatives to TCS. For PBM treatment of OLP, a total energy density below 120 J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    is advisable. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these findings and refine laser parameters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04398-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T22:10:40Z","timestamp":1742422240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of high-intensity laser therapy and photobiomodulation therapy on oral lichen planus\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Panpan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueqiang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12260","volume":"80","author":"M Carrozzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carrozzo M, Porter S, Mercadante V, Fedele S (2019) Oral lichen planus: a disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? Types, causes, diagnostic algorhythms, prognosis, management strategies. Periodontol 2000 80(1):105\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12260","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"8","key":"4398_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1667-2","volume":"308","author":"MS Alrashdan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alrashdan MS, Cirillo N, McCullough M (2016) Oral lichen planus: a literature review and update. Arch Dermatol Res 308(8):539\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-016-1667-2","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4398_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112144-20211115-00505","volume":"57","author":"M SoO","year":"2022","unstructured":"SoO M, Association CS (2022) Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of oral lichen planus (revision). Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 57(2):115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112144-20211115-00505","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"4398_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12885","volume":"25","author":"M Giuliani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giuliani M, Troiano G, Cordaro M, Corsalini M, Gioco G, Lo Muzio L, Pignatelli P, Lajolo C (2019) Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: a systematic review. Oral Dis 25(3):693\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.12885","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4398_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3797","volume":"156","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li C, Tang X, Zheng X, Ge S, Wen H, Lin X, Chen Z, Lu L (2020) Global prevalence and incidence estimates of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 156(2):172\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3797","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"4398_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.07.012","volume":"96","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles M, Ruiz-\u00c1vila I, Gonz\u00e1lez-Ruiz L, Ay\u00e9n \u00c1, Gil-Montoya JA, Ramos-Garc\u00eda P (2019) Malignant transformation risk of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 96:121\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.07.012","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4398_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.119.018101","volume":"72","author":"VS Ayyar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ayyar VS, Jusko WJ (2020) Transitioning from basic toward systems pharmacodynamic models: lessons from corticosteroids. Pharmacol Rev 72(2):414\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.119.018101","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"4398_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17898","volume":"181","author":"SL Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun SL, Liu JJ, Zhong B, Wang JK, Jin X, Xu H, Yin FY, Liu TN, Chen QM, Zeng X (2019) Topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 181(6):1166\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.17898","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4398_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16464","volume":"34","author":"D Ioannides","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ioannides D, Vakirlis E, Kemeny L, Marinovic B, Massone C, Murphy R, Nast A, Ronnevig J, Ruzicka T, Cooper SM et al (2020) European S1 guidelines on the management of lichen planus: a cooperation of the European Dermatology Forum with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 34(7):1403\u20131414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.16464","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.IJABMR_138_19","volume":"10","author":"C Suvarna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suvarna C, Chaitanya NC, Ameer S, Mannava H, Bontala P, Alyami JS, Samreen H, Kondapaneni J (2020) A comparative evaluation on the effect of oral zinc 50 mg with or without 0.1% triamcinolone orabase on oral lichen planus. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 10(1):54\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijabmr.IJABMR_138_19","journal-title":"Int J Appl Basic Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4398_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6236","volume":"33","author":"A Ghahremanlo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghahremanlo A, Boroumand N, Ghazvini K, Hashemy SI (2019) Herbal medicine in oral lichen planus. Phytother Res 33(2):288\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6236","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2022.101352","volume":"69","author":"S Patil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patil S, Mustaq S, Hosmani J, Khan ZA, Yadalam PK, Ahmed ZH, Bhandi S, Awan KH (2023) Advancement in therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated oral diseases. Dis Mon 69(1):101352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.disamonth.2022.101352","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"issue":"8","key":"4398_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081679","volume":"12","author":"D Poenaru","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poenaru D, Sandulescu MI, Potcovaru CG, Cinteza D (2024) High-intensity laser therapy in pain management of knee osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 12(8):1679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12081679","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"5","key":"4398_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.10.073","volume":"91","author":"J Maghfour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maghfour J, Ozog DM, Mineroff J, Jagdeo J, Kohli I, Lim HW (2024) Photobiomodulation CME part I: overview and mechanism of action. J Am Acad Dermatol 91(5):793\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.10.073","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"4398_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2024.101798","volume":"101798","author":"SA Mahuli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahuli SA, Rai A, Shree P, Ul Haque Z, Mahuli AV (2024) Efficacy of photobiomodulation in the management of oral Lichen Planus in comparison to topical corticosteroids: systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE-based assessment of certainty of evidence. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 101798:101798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2024.101798","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4398_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1782213","volume":"18","author":"WK Soh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soh WK, Cheah KF, Veettil SK, Pandiar D, Nimbalkar S, Gopinath D (2024) Photobiomodulation therapy in the management of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Dent 18(4):976\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1782213","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"4398_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZE01","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2023\/59161.17572","volume":"17","author":"JM Beulah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beulah JM, Deepthi A, Gracelin Murugan K, Deepak JH (2023) Efficacy of carbon dioxide laser in treating oral lichen planus- a scoping review. J Clin Diagn Res 17(3):ZE01\u2013ZE07. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2023\/59161.17572","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"4398_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14669","author":"R Ibrahim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ibrahim R, Abdul-Hak M, Kujan O, Hamadah O (2023) CO2 laser vaporisation in treating oral lichen planus: a split-mouth randomised clinical trial. Oral Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.14669","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4398_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03480-1","volume":"37","author":"G Bhatt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhatt G, Gupta S, Ghosh S (2022) Comparative efficacy of topical aloe vera and low-level laser therapy in the management of oral lichen planus: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 37(3):2063\u20132070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03480-1","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03976-6","volume":"24","author":"RK Mohamed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohamed RK, Elsayed NM, Mahmoud SA, Gaweesh YY (2024) Photobiomodulation versus corticosteroid in the management of erosive oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 24(1):246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-03976-6","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"4398_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2022.23","volume":"13","author":"HR Khalighi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalighi HR, Anbari F, Mojahedi SM, Forouzani G (2022) Evaluating the efficacy of the Er, Cr:YSGG fractional laser before treatment with triamcinolone NN ointment in oral lichen planus lesions. J Lasers Med Sci 13:e23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/jlms.2022.23","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"4398_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44100","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44100","volume":"15","author":"KG Panchal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panchal KG, Gupta E, Kumar A, Samir PV, Devika GS, Awasthi V, Singh R (2023) Comparing the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy and topical steroid therapy combination regimen with routine topical steroid therapy in the management of oral lichen planus symptomatic patients. Cureus 15(8):e44100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.44100","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4398_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"4398_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00974.x","volume":"21","author":"K Thongprasom","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thongprasom K, Luangjarmekorn L, Sererat T, Taweesap W (1992) Relative efficacy of fluocinolone acetonide compared with triamcinolone acetonide in treatment of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 21(10):456\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00974.x","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"4398_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.02.001","volume":"21","author":"S Mirza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mirza S, Rehman N, Alrahlah A, Alamri WR, Vohra F (2018) Efficacy of photodynamic therapy or low level laser therapy against steroid therapy in the treatment of erosive-atrophic oral lichen planus. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther 21:404\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.02.001","journal-title":"Photodiagn Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"4398_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","volume":"343","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, J\u00fcni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Savovic J, Schulz KF, Weeks L, Sterne JA (2011) The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 343:d5928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d5928","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","volume":"17","author":"AR Jadad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ (1996) Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 17(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"4398_CR28","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"J Chandler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch V (2019) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Wiley, Hoboken"},{"issue":"4","key":"4398_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-022-03514-2","volume":"37","author":"D Lai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lai D, Zhou S, Cheng S, Liu H, Cui Y (2022) Laser therapy in the treatment of melasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 37(4):2099\u20132110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-022-03514-2","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03303-4","volume":"22","author":"L Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng L, Yang K, He Q, Zhu X, Long Z, Wu Y, Chen J, Li Y, Zeng J, Cui G et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of gut microbiota-based therapies in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 80 randomized controlled trials. BMC Med 22(1):110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-024-03303-4","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4398_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216669183","volume":"27","author":"D Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo D, Wan X, Liu J, Tong T (2018) Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and\/or mid-quartile range. Stat Methods Med Res 27(6):1785\u20131805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280216669183","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4398_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280219889080","volume":"29","author":"S McGrath","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGrath S, Zhao X, Steele R, Thombs BD, Benedetti A (2020) Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from commonly reported quantiles in meta-analysis. Stat Methods Med Res 29(9):2520\u20132537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280219889080","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.06.006","volume":"59","author":"TA Furukawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Furukawa TA, Barbui C, Cipriani A, Brambilla P, Watanabe N (2006) Imputing missing standard deviations in meta-analyses can provide accurate results. J Clin Epidemiol 59(1):7\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.06.006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7568","key":"4398_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.333.7568.597","volume":"333","author":"J Lau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lau J, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Schmid CH, Olkin I (2006) The case of the misleading funnel plot. BMJ 333(7568):597\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.333.7568.597","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaomr.jiaomr_173_21","volume":"34","author":"CJ Sanjay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sanjay CJ, Patil K, Guledgud MV, Deshpande P, Doggalli N, Panda R (2022) Evaluation of efficacy of three treatment modalities in the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus\u2014a prospective comparative study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 34(1):11\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jiaomr.jiaomr_173_21","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4398_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03867-y","volume":"25","author":"S Tarasenko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tarasenko S, Stepanov M, Morozova E, Unkovskiy A (2021) High-level laser therapy versus scalpel surgery in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized control trial. Clin Oral Invest 25(10):5649\u20135660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-021-03867-y","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"4398_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2015.27.5.485","volume":"27","author":"HO Kazancioglu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kazancioglu HO, Erisen M (2015) Comparison of low-level laser therapy versus ozone therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Ann Dermatol 27(5):485\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5021\/ad.2015.27.5.485","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4398_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2876","volume":"29","author":"HH Jajarm","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jajarm HH, Falaki F, Mahdavi O (2011) A comparative pilot study of low intensity laser versus topical corticosteroids in the treatment of erosive-atrophic oral lichen planus. Photomed Laser Surg 29(6):421\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2010.2876","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-018-0014-5","volume":"42","author":"HM El Shenawy","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Shenawy HM, Eldin AM, Nasry SA (2018) Management of pain in oral lichen planus patients: a comparative pilot study. Bulletin of the National Research Centre 42(1):15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-018-0014-5","journal-title":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre"},{"issue":"6","key":"4398_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"068002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.6.068002","volume":"19","author":"CS Dillenburg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dillenburg CS, Martins MAT, Munerato MC, Marques MM, Carrard VC, Sant\u2019Ana M, Castilho RM, Martins MD (2014) Efficacy of laser phototherapy in comparison to topical clobetasol for the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled trial. J Biomed Opt 19(6):068002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.19.6.068002","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010030","volume":"15","author":"C Salinas-Gilabert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salinas-Gilabert C, Gomez Garcia F, Galera Molero F, Pons-Fuster E, Vander Beken S, Lopez Jornet P (2023) Photodynamic therapy, photobiomodulation and acetonide triamcinolone 0.1% in the\u00a0treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized clinical trial. Pharm 15(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010030","journal-title":"Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"4398_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13662","volume":"27","author":"EP Ferri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferri EP, Cunha KRL, Abboud CS, Gallo CD, Sobral SD, da Silva DDT, Horliana A, Franco A, Rodrigues M (2021) Photobiomodulation is effective in oral lichen planus: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Oral Dis 27(5):1205\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.13662","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"4398_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang R (2022) Clinical effect of Nd:YAG laser combined with compound clobetasol propionate ointment for the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus. Dissertation, Dalian Medical University.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26994\/d.cnki.gdlyu.2022.000922","DOI":"10.26994\/d.cnki.gdlyu.2022.000922"},{"issue":"1","key":"4398_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.12007\/j.issn.0258-4646.2017.01.021","volume":"46","author":"W Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang W, Liu Y, Hu Y (2017) Efficacy of combined use of semiconductor laser and triamcinolone acetonide dental paste in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Journal of China Medical University 46(1):89\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12007\/j.issn.0258-4646.2017.01.021","journal-title":"Journal of China Medical University"},{"issue":"31","key":"4398_CR45","first-page":"3","volume":"26","author":"Z Liping","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liping Z (2020) Laser therapy combined with triamcinolone acetonide ointment in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus. Contemporary Medicine 26(31):3\u20135","journal-title":"Contemporary Medicine"},{"key":"4398_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu ZY (2023) Evaluation of pulsed erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet laser in treatment of erosive oral lichen planus. Dissertation, Dalian Medical University. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26994\/d.cnki.gdlyu.2023.001210","DOI":"10.26994\/d.cnki.gdlyu.2023.001210"},{"key":"4398_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0024-z","volume":"15","author":"PT von Hippel","year":"2015","unstructured":"von Hippel PT (2015) The heterogeneity statistic I(2) can be biased in small meta-analyses. BMC Med Res Methodol 15:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-015-0024-z","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04398-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04398-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04398-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:22:29Z","timestamp":1771399349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04398-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04398-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"151"}}