{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T08:15:43Z","timestamp":1771402543419,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority\u2019s Ascent Plan","award":["DFL20240901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20240901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04626-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T23:56:36Z","timestamp":1759535796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A pilot randomized split-face trial comparing fractional Q-Switched ruby laser and 1064-nm Q-Switched nd: YAG laser in Chinese women with melasma running titile: fQSRL vs. QSNY in melasma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yumei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yalan","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eray Yihui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4626_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20143063","volume":"89","author":"AC Handel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Handel AC, Miot LD, Miot HA (2014) Melasma: a clinical and epidemiological review. Bras Dermatol 89(5):771\u2013782","journal-title":"Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4626_CR2","first-page":"881","volume":"30","author":"K Negishi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Negishi K et al (2004) Study of the incidence and nature of very subtle epidermal melasma in relation to intense pulsed light treatment. Dermatol Surg 30(6):881\u20136 (discussion 886)","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4626_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000154419.18653.2e","volume":"27","author":"PE Grimes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grimes PE, Yamada N, Bhawan J (2005) Light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural alterations in patients with melasma. Am J Dermatopathol 27(2):96\u2013101","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4626_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0194-1","volume":"7","author":"OA Ogbechie-Godec","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogbechie-Godec OA, Elbuluk N (2017) Melasma: an up-to-date comprehensive review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 7(3):305\u2013318","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4626_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.01.004","volume":"3","author":"MK Trivedi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trivedi MK, Yang FC, Cho BK (2017) A review of laser and light therapy in melasma. Int J Womens Dermatol 3(1):11\u201320","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4626_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.99436","volume":"5","author":"P Arora","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arora P et al (2012) Lasers for treatment of melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 5(2):93\u2013103","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"4626_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee YS et al (2022) The low-fluence Q-switched nd:yag laser treatment for melasma: a systematic review. Medicina (Kaunas) 58(7):936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58070936","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070936"},{"issue":"7","key":"4626_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02001.x","volume":"37","author":"X Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou X et al (2011) Efficacy and safety of Q-switched 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum Garnet laser treatment of melasma. Dermatol Surg 37(7):962\u2013970","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4626_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12760","volume":"17","author":"JE Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi JE et al (2018) Low-fluence Q-switched nd:yag laser for the treatment of melasma in Asian patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 17(6):1053\u20131058","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4626_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001120","volume":"43","author":"C Kaminaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaminaka C, Furukawa F, Yamamoto Y (2017) The clinical and histological effect of a low-fluence Q-switched 1,064-nm neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser for the treatment of melasma and solar lentigenes in asians: prospective, randomized, and split-face comparative study. Dermatol Surg 43(9):1120\u20131133","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4626_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03264.x","volume":"142","author":"S Ueda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ueda S, Isoda M, Imayama S (2000) Response of naevus of Ota to Q-switched Ruby laser treatment according to lesion colour. Br J Dermatol 142(1):77\u201383","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4626_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb03707.x","volume":"20","author":"Y Tse","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tse Y et al (1994) The removal of cutaneous pigmented lesions with the Q-switched Ruby laser and the Q-switched neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. A comparative study. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 20(12):795\u2013800","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4626_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.05.036","volume":"64","author":"CJ Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang CJ, Kou CS (2011) Comparing the effectiveness of Q-switched Ruby laser treatment with that of Q-switched nd:yag laser for oculodermal melanosis (Nevus of Ota). J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 64(3):339\u2013345","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"4626_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02018.x","volume":"37","author":"WS Jang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jang WS et al (2011) Efficacy of 694-nm Q-switched ruby fractional laser treatment of melasma in female Korean patients. Dermatol Surg 37(8):1133\u20131140","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4626_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-18-43","volume":"18","author":"S Hilton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hilton S et al (2013) Treatment of melasma in Caucasian patients using a novel 694-nm Q-switched Ruby fractional laser. Eur J Med Res 18(1):43","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4626_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15834","volume":"22","author":"M Mohamed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohamed M, Beshay YMA, Assaf HM (2023) Microneedling with glutathione versus microneedling alone in treatment of facial melasma: split-face comparative study. J Cosmet Dermatol 22(12):3379\u20133386","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4626_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.10.051","volume":"64","author":"AG Pandya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pandya AG et al (2011) Reliability assessment and validation of the melasma area and severity index (MASI) and a new modified MASI scoring method. J Am Acad Dermatol 64(1):78\u201383","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4626_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000974","volume":"43","author":"DA Abou-Taleb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abou-Taleb DA et al (2017) Reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change overtime of the modified melasma area and severity index score. Dermatol Surg 43(2):210\u2013217","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4626_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009994","volume":"151","author":"J Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng J, Huang L (2023) Comparison of picosecond and nanosecond Nd:YAG 1064-nm lasers in the treatment of melasma: a split-face randomized clinical trial. Plast Reconstr Surg 151(4):772\u2013777","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"4626_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-022-00779-x","volume":"12","author":"ACC Esp\u00f3sito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Esp\u00f3sito ACC et al (2022) Update on Melasma-Part I: pathogenesis. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 12(9):1967\u20131988","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"11","key":"4626_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14382","volume":"20","author":"O Artzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Artzi O et al (2021) The pathogenesis of melasma and implications for treatment. J Cosmet Dermatol 20(11):3432\u20133445","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4626_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1254330","volume":"28","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang HJ et al (2017) Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation associated with treatment of solar lentigines using a Q-switched 532-nm nd: YAG laser: a multicenter survey. J Dermatolog Treat 28(5):447\u2013451","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"4626_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_1086_16","volume":"85","author":"SJ Aurangabadkar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aurangabadkar SJ (2019) Optimizing Q-switched lasers for melasma and acquired dermal melanoses. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 85(1):10\u201317","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4626_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5978\/islsm.12-OR-03","volume":"21","author":"T Omi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Omi T, Fluence L, Nd Q-S et al (2012) YAG laser toning and Q-Switched Ruby laser in the treatment of melasma:a comparative Split-Face ultrastructural study. Laser Ther 21(1):15\u201314","journal-title":"Laser Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4626_CR25","first-page":"56","volume":"2","author":"PA Gerber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerber PA, Hilton S (2014) Current concepts in aesthetic laser medicine: the 694-Nm Q-switched Ruby-Laser. Eur Med J Dermatol 2(1):56\u201360","journal-title":"Eur Med J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4626_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.01.035","volume":"77","author":"N Silpa-Archa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silpa-Archa N et al (2017) Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive overview: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and noninvasive assessment technique. J Am Acad Dermatol 77(4):591\u2013605","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04626-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04626-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04626-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:22:47Z","timestamp":1771399367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04626-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04626-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of our hospital (No. 21304-1-02).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All participants received detailed information on the study procedures, expected outcomes, and potential risks and provided written informed consent in the study. Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants received detailed information on the study procedures, expected outcomes, and potential risks and provided written informed consent in the study. Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"405"}}