{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T03:13:45Z","timestamp":1785726825361,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04696-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:32:48Z","timestamp":1760149968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intense pulsed Light, Light-Emitting Diode, and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rosacea: A clinical observation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LiXin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4696_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18420","volume":"182","author":"M Schaller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schaller M, Almeida LMC, Bewley A (2020) Recommendations for rosacea diagnosis, classification and management: update from the global rosacea consensus 2019 panel. Br J Dermatol 182(5):1269\u20131276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.18420","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4696_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15680","volume":"61","author":"H Husein-ElAhmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Husein-ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M (2022) Light-based therapies in the management of rosacea: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol 61(2):216\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.15680","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4696_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00324","volume":"20","author":"AC Paiva-Santos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paiva-Santos AC, Gon\u00e7alves T, Peixoto D et al (2023) Rosacea topical treatment and care: from traditional to new drug delivery systems. Mol Pharm 20(8):3804\u20133828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00324","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"4696_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00595-7","volume":"22","author":"EJ van Zuuren","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Zuuren EJ, Arents BWM, van der Linden MMD, Vermeulen S, Fedorowicz Z, Tan J, Rosacea (2021) New concepts in classification and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol Jul 22(4):457\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-021-00595-7","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol Jul"},{"issue":"12","key":"4696_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-01048-1","volume":"13","author":"J Choe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choe J, Barbieri JS (2023) Emerging medical therapies in rosacea: A narrative review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 13(12):2933\u20132949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-023-01048-1","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4696_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.050","volume":"84","author":"B Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang B, Yuan X, Huang X et al (2021) Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of patients with rosacea: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol 84(2):543\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.050","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4696_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12205","volume":"22","author":"S Barrientos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barrientos S, Brem H, Stojadinovic O, Tomic-Canic M (2014) Clinical application of growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 22(5):569\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/wrr.12205","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"issue":"22","key":"4696_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.152587","volume":"144","author":"L Maddaluno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maddaluno L, Urwyler C, Werner S (2017) Fibroblast growth factors: key players in regeneration and tissue repair. Development 144(22):4047\u20134060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.152587","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"12","key":"4696_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1097\/ASW.0000000000000065","volume":"36","author":"R Geng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Geng R, Bourkas AN, Sibbald RG (2023) Rosacea: clinical aspects and treatments. Adv Skin Wound Care 36(12):626\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ASW.0000000000000065","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4696_CR10","first-page":"41","volume":"32","author":"P Avci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M et al (2013) Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Semin Cutan Med Surg 32(1):41\u201352","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4696_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.05.044","volume":"71","author":"J Tan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tan J, Liu H, Leyden JJ, Leoni MJ (2014) Reliability of clinician erythema assessment grading scale. J Am Acad Dermatol 71(4):760\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.05.044","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4696_CR12","first-page":"41","volume":"17","author":"LJ Green","year":"2024","unstructured":"Green LJ, Baldwin H, Sugarman J et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of microencapsulated benzoyl peroxide Cream, 5%, in papulopustular rosacea in elderly patients: Post-hoc analysis of results from two Randomized, phase III, Vehicle-controlled trials. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 17(10):41\u201344","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4696_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13203","volume":"33","author":"H Husein-ElAhmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Husein-ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M (2020) Efficacy of topical ivermectin and impact on quality of life in patients with papulopustular rosacea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther 33(1):e13203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.13203","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4696_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15122","volume":"176","author":"J Tan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tan J, Almeida LMC, Bewley A et al (2017) Updating the diagnosis, classification and assessment of rosacea: recommendations from the global rosacea consensus (ROSCO) panel. Br J Dermatol 176(2):431\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.15122","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4696_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2018.1502455","volume":"21","author":"Y Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wu Y, Chen H (2019) Topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in Chinese patients with rosacea. J Cosmet Laser Ther 21(4):196\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14764172.2018.1502455","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4696_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.06.043","volume":"82","author":"YH Jang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jang YH, Kim SM, Eun DH et al (2020) Validity and reliability of itch assessment scales for chronic pruritus in adults: a prospective multicenter study. J Am Acad Dermatol 82(1):80\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.06.043","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4696_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39761-2","volume":"14","author":"Z Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng Z, Chen M, Zhao Z et al (2023) Whole genome sequencing identifies genetic variants associated with neurogenic inflammation in rosacea. Nat Commun 14(1):3958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39761-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"4696_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.0636","volume":"1","author":"MA Dirr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dirr MA, Ahmed A, Schlessinger DI et al (2024) Rosacea core domain set for clinical trials and practice: a consensus statement. JAMA Dermatol 1(6):658\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.0636","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"4696_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16537.1","author":"J Buddenkotte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M (2018) Recent advances in understanding and managing rosacea. F1000Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.16537.1","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4696_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754241229365","volume":"28","author":"RSQ Geng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Geng RSQ, Bourkas AN, Mufti A, Sibbald RG (2024) Rosacea: pathogenesis and therapeutic correlates. J Cutan Med Surg 28(2):178\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/12034754241229365","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"4696_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.4920","volume":"22","author":"H Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi H, Zhang E, Zhang M, Lin T (2023) Narrow-band intense pulsed light as treatment for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea: a retrospective study. J Drugs Dermatol 22(11):1095\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36849\/JDD.4920","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4696_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2020.1717540","volume":"22","author":"MCCP Tirico","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tirico MCCP, Jensen D, Green C, Ross EV (2020) Short pulse intense pulsed light versus pulsed dye laser for the treatment of facial redness. J Cosmet Laser Ther 22(2):60\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14764172.2020.1717540","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4696_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22791","volume":"50","author":"J Jagdeo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jagdeo J, Austin E, Mamalis A, Wong C, Ho D, Siegel DM (2018) Light-emitting diodes in dermatology: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Lasers Surg Med 50(6):613\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.22791","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4696_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12841","volume":"39","author":"LTN Ngoc","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ngoc LTN, Moon J-Y, Lee Y-C (2023) Utilization of light-emitting diodes for skin therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 39(4):303\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phpp.12841","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04696-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04696-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04696-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:25:07Z","timestamp":1771399507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04696-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04696-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Northern Theater General Hospital (Ethical Review Y [2024] No. 112).This is an observational study. The Research Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command approved the exemption from obtaining informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Retrospective studies are not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"425"}}