{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T08:16:44Z","timestamp":1771402604204,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Fund Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04734-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T02:36:53Z","timestamp":1763347013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of intervertebral disc hydration on the photothermal responses and carbonization properties in low-energy laser therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Shiwen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuo","family":"Zhuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Jiayuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Wenyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivanenko Andrei","family":"Valentinovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Changshui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4734_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175049","volume":"13","author":"R Gazzeri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gazzeri R, Leoni M, Occhigrossi F (2024) Efficacy of percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) combined with an oral food supplement for lumbar disc herniation. J Clin Med 13:5049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13175049","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4734_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.14692-15.2","volume":"25","author":"YC Erbas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erbas YC, Pusat S, Erdogan E (2015) Percutaneous laser disc decompression: retrospective analysis of 197 cases and review of the literature. Turk Neurosurg 25:766\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.14692-15.2","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"4734_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.16.1.89","volume":"16","author":"A Gangi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gangi A, Dietemann JL, Ide C, Brunner P, Klinkert A, Warter JM (1996) Percutaneous laser disk decompression under CT and fluoroscopic guidance: indications, technique, and clinical experience. Radiographics 16:89\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiographics.16.1.89","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"4734_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199704000-00006","author":"J Nerubay","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nerubay J, Caspi I, Levinkopf M (1997) Percutaneous carbon dioxide laser nucleolysis with 2- to 5-year followup. Clin Orthop Relat Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-199704000-00006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4734_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1998.16.325","volume":"16","author":"DS Choy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Choy DS (1998) Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD): twelve years\u2019 experience with 752 procedures in 518 patients. J Clin Laser Med Surg 16:325\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/clm.1998.16.325","journal-title":"J Clin Laser Med Surg"},{"key":"4734_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.10.121","volume":"194","author":"AS Seddighi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seddighi AS, Seddighi A, Hosseini S (2024) Clinical outcomes at 2-Year Follow-Up comparing open surgery and percutaneous laser disc decompression for radicular sciatic pain patients. World Neurosurg 194:123392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.10.121","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4734_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.10.121","volume":"7","author":"SM Haufe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haufe SM, Mork AR, Pyne M, Baker RA (2010) Percutaneous laser disc decompression for thoracic disc disease: report of 10 cases. Int J Med Sci 7:155\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.10.121","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"4734_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2020.67","volume":"11","author":"M Hashemi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashemi M, Falsafi M, Razzaghi MR, Dadkhah P, Taheri M, Delshad MH et al (2020) The long-term effects of percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) treatment on lumbar disc protrusion: a 2-year follow-up. J Lasers Med Sci 11:427\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/jlms.2020.67","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"4734_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2675-6","volume":"34","author":"KD Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee KD, Chiang MH, Chen PH, Ho ML, Lee HZ, Lee HE et al (2019) The effect of low-level laser irradiation on hyperglycemia-induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts. Lasers Med Sci 34:913\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-018-2675-6","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"4734_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199409150-00007","volume":"19","author":"DD Ohnmeiss","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ohnmeiss DD, Guyer RD, Hochschuler SH (1994) Laser disc decompression. The importance of proper patient selection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 19:2054\u20132058 discussion 2059","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"4734_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06389-5","volume":"29","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen X, Chamoli U, Vargas Castillo J, Ramakrishna V, Diwan AD (2020) Complication rates of different discectomy techniques for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 29:1752\u20131770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06389-5","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4734_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13040974","volume":"13","author":"AM El Melhat","year":"2024","unstructured":"El Melhat AM, Youssef A, Zebdawi MR, Hafez MA, Khalil LH, Harrison DE (2024) Non-surgical approaches to the management of lumbar disc herniation associated with radiculopathy: a narrative review. J Clin Med 13:974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13040974","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4734_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11070325","volume":"11","author":"Z Piao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Piao Z, Kim YU, Ko J, Lee J, Choi D, Kim N (2024) Evaluation of safe insertion angles for spinal needles and safe intensity of the holmium:YAG laser during percutaneous laser disc ablations in feline cadavers. Vet Sci 11:325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci11070325","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"4734_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.10.121","volume":"194","author":"AS Seddighi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seddighi AS, Seddighi A, Hosseini S (2025) Clinical outcomes at 2-year follow-up comparing open surgery and percutaneous laser disc decompression for radicular sciatic pain patients. World Neurosurg 194:123392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.10.121","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4734_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00019","volume":"88","author":"S Roberts","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roberts S, Evans H, Trivedi J, Menage J (2006) Histology and pathology of the human intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88(Suppl 2):10\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.F.00019","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4734_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4459-7","volume":"25","author":"S Dudli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dudli S, Fields AJ, Samartzis D, Karppinen J, Lotz JC (2016) Pathobiology of modic changes. Eur Spine J 25:3723\u20133734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4459-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4734_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199208000-00014","volume":"17","author":"DS Choy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Choy DS, Ascher PW, Ranu HS, Saddekni S, Alkaitis D, Liebler W et al (1992) Percutaneous laser disc decompression. A new therapeutic modality. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 17:949\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199208000-00014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"4734_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12250","volume":"16","author":"D Ong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ong D, Chua NH, Vissers K (2016) Percutaneous disc decompression for lumbar radicular pain: a review article. Pain Pract 16:111\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12250","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"4734_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1995.13.27","volume":"13","author":"GD Casper","year":"1995","unstructured":"Casper GD, Mullins LL, Hartman VL (1995) Laser-assisted disc decompression: a clinical trial of the holmium:yag laser with side-firing fiber. J Clin Laser Med Surg 13:27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/clm.1995.13.27","journal-title":"J Clin Laser Med Surg"},{"key":"4734_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199511000-00018","volume":"20","author":"N Boos","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boos N, Boesch C (1995) Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Potential for investigations of water content and biochemical composition. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 20:2358\u20132365 discussion 2366","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"4734_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801930","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.801930","volume":"13","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Liao JW, Li W, Chen XJ, Feng JX, Yao L et al (2022) Assessment of osteoporosis in lumbar spine: in vivo quantitative MR imaging of collagen bound water in trabecular bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:801930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.801930","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"4734_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-023-00253-8","volume":"9","author":"B Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu B, Gao X, Qin B, Baldoni M, Zhou L, Qian Z et al (2023) Effect of microgravity on mechanical loadings in lumbar spine at various postures: a numerical study. NPJ Microgravity 9:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41526-023-00253-8","journal-title":"NPJ Microgravity"},{"key":"4734_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20651","volume":"40","author":"N Ignatieva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ignatieva N, Zakharkina O, Andreeva I, Sobol E, Kamensky V, Lunin V (2008) Effects of laser irradiation on collagen organization in chemically induced degenerative annulus fibrosus of lumbar intervertebral disc. Lasers Surg Med 40:422\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20651","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"4734_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00759-7","volume":"24","author":"M Sowash","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sowash M, Alster T (2023) Review of laser treatments for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in skin of color. Am J Clin Dermatol 24:381\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-023-00759-7","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"4734_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9501","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.009501","volume":"20","author":"DL Boiko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boiko DL, Vasil\u2019ev PP (2012) Superradiance dynamics in semiconductor laser diode structures. Opt Express 20:9501\u20139515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.20.009501","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"4734_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2008.2304","volume":"27","author":"RS Jayasree","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jayasree RS, Gupta AK, Bodhey NK, Mohanty M (2009) Effect of 980-nm diode laser and 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser on the intervertebral disc\u2013in vitro and in vivo studies. Photomed Laser Surg 27:547\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2008.2304","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"4734_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04281-6","volume":"40","author":"CA de Lima Luna","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Lima Luna CA, do Couto M, Alves M, de Andrade Hage C, de Figueiredo Chaves RH, Guimar\u00e3es DM (2025) Photobiomodulation of alveolar bone healing in rats with low-level laser and light emitting diode therapy. Lasers Med Sci 40:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04281-6","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"4734_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106697","volume":"217","author":"S Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang S, Li C, Cao L, Moser M, Zhang W, Qian Z et al (2022) Modeling and ex vivo experimental validation of liver tissue carbonization with laser ablation. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 217:106697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106697","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"4734_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13684","volume":"51","author":"IN Irizarry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Irizarry IN, Dugat DR, Sippel KM, Payton ME (2022) Evaluation of the intervertebral disk, vertebral body, and spinal cord for changes secondary to percutaneous laser disk ablation. Vet Surg 51:97\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vsu.13684","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"4734_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58111668","volume":"58","author":"C Conforti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Conforti C, Guida S, Dianzani C, Turco P, Cazzato V, Zalaudek I et al (2022) Carbon peeling laser treatment to improve skin texture, pores and acne lesions: a retrospective study. Medicina (B Aires) 581668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58111668","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"4734_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7983","volume":"18","author":"C Meng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meng C, Li Y, Wang S, Yu J, Kou D, Liu C (2019) Application of a modified optical fiber in targeted percutaneous laser disc decompression of lumbar disc herniation: A retrospective study. Exp Ther Med 18:3552\u20133562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2019.7983","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04734-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04734-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04734-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:23:50Z","timestamp":1771399430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04734-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04734-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"483"}}