{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T08:14:54Z","timestamp":1771402494717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04755-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T03:14:21Z","timestamp":1766373261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low-level laser therapy for reducing body circumferences: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Gotof Abdesalam","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen Fakhri","family":"Alawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Salah","family":"Kasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajer Eid","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raghad","family":"Heuotiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suha Giselle","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mosab Nasef","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suleman Sofian","family":"Suliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark Nabil","family":"Saleeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Jabrieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sana Osama","family":"Elhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed El-Said","family":"Hamisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noura Nabil","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duha khaled","family":"Arabiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4755_CR1","unstructured":"CDC Overweight DA, Obesity CDC(2017) Editor"},{"issue":"10","key":"4755_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.202","volume":"12","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Wang Y (2004) Trends in the association between obesity and socioeconomic status in U.S. adults: 1971 to 2000. Obes Res 12(10):1622\u20131632","journal-title":"Obesity Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"4755_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.732","volume":"311","author":"C Ogden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ogden C et al (2014) Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011\u2013 2012. JAMA 311(8):806\u2013814","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4755_CR4","unstructured":"Hales C et al (2020) Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2017\u20132018. 2020: NCHS Data Brief. pp. 1\u20138"},{"key":"4755_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1909301","volume":"381","author":"ZJ Ward","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ward ZJ et al (2019) Projected U.S. state-level prevalence of adult obesity and severe obesity. N Engl J Med 381:2440\u20132450","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4755_CR6","unstructured":"Fisher J et al (2001) Trends in general and abdominal obesity in US adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001\u20132018)"},{"key":"4755_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21890-6","author":"Q Pan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pan Q, Zhang W, Chen X, Li Y, Tu C (2025) A study of trends in body morphology, overweight, and obesity in Chinese adults aged 40\u201359 years. BMC Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-21890-6","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4755_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Verne S, Griffith R, Falto-Aizpurua L, Nouri K Non-invasive subcutaneous fat reduction: A review. Sep 01 2015 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.12994","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12994"},{"key":"4755_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebrahim Eskandari S, Samadi A, Kardeh S, Dowlati Y, Yazdi HA, Firooz A (2024) Photobiomodulation Therapy for Improvement of Body Contour: A Retrospective Study on Middle Eastern Participants, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v53i8.16291"},{"issue":"10","key":"4755_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20855","volume":"41","author":"RF Jackson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jackson RF, Dedo DD, Roche GC, Turok DI, Maloney RJ (2009) Low-level laser therapy as a non-invasive approach for body contouring: a randomized, controlled study. Lasers Surg Med 41(10):799\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20855","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"4755_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000019876.96703.AE","volume":"110","author":"R Neira","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neira R, Arroyave, Ramirez H et al (2002) Fat liquefication: effect of low-level laser energy on adipose tissue. Plast Reconstr Surg 110:912\u2013922","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"4755_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5992\/AJCS-D-12-00048.1","volume":"31","author":"DP Suarez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suarez DP, Roche GC, Jackson RF (2014) A double-blind, sham controlled study demonstrating the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy using a 532-nm green diode for contouring the waist, hips, and thighs. Am J Cosmet Surg 31:34\u201341","journal-title":"Am J Cosmet Surg"},{"key":"4755_CR13","volume-title":"Ten lectures on basic science of laser phototherapy","author":"T Karu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karu T (2007) Ten lectures on basic science of laser phototherapy. Prima Books AB, Grangesberg, Sweden"},{"key":"4755_CR14","volume-title":"Photochemistry of dyes and other organic compounds","author":"AN Terenin","year":"1947","unstructured":"Terenin AN (1947) Photochemistry of dyes and other organic compounds. Acad Sci Publ, Moscow, Leningrad"},{"key":"4755_CR15","first-page":"265","volume":"811","author":"RA Marcus","year":"1985","unstructured":"Marcus RA, Sutin N (1985) Electron transfer in chemistry and biology. Biochem Biophys 811:265\u2013322","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"4755_CR16","first-page":"743","volume":"12","author":"SV Konev","year":"1998","unstructured":"Konev SV, Belijanovich LM, Rudenok AN (1998) Photoreactiva tions of the cytochrome oxidase complex with cyanide: the reaction of Heme a3 photoreduction. Membr Cell Biol (Moscow) 12:743\u2013754","journal-title":"Membr Cell Biol (Moscow)"},{"key":"4755_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161171","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20202","volume":"37","author":"KR Byrnes","year":"2005","unstructured":"26, Byrnes KR, Wu X, Waynant RW, Ilev IK, Anders JJ (2005) Low power laser irradiation alters gene expression of olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro. Lasers Surg Med 37:161171","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"4755_CR18","unstructured":"Nestor MS, Zarraga MB, Park H Effect of 635nm Low-level Laser Therapy on Upper Arm Circumference Reduction A Double-blind, Randomized, Sham-controlled Trial"},{"issue":"4","key":"4755_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22760","volume":"50","author":"L Souza-Barros","year":"2018","unstructured":"Souza-Barros L et al (2018) Skin color and tissue thickness effects on transmittance, reflectance, and skin temperature when using 635 and 808 nm lasers in low intensity therapeutics. Lasers Surg Med 50(4):291\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.22760","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"4755_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barbosa RI, de Guirro EC, Bachmann L, Brandino HE, de Guirro RR (2020) Analysis of low-level laser transmission at wavelengths 660, 830 and 904 nm in biological tissue samples, J Photochem Photobiol B, vol. 209, Aug. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2020.111914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2020.111914"},{"issue":"1","key":"4755_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22113","volume":"45","author":"E McRae","year":"2013","unstructured":"McRae E, Boris J (2013) Independent evaluation of low-level laser therapy at 635 Nm for non-invasive body contouring of the waist, hips, and thighs. Lasers Surg Med 45(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.22113","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"4755_CR22","first-page":"693","volume":"342","author":"TI Karu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Karu TI, Afanasyeva NI (1995) Cytochrome C oxidase as primary photoacceptor for cultured cells in visible and near IR re Gions. Doklady Akad Nauk (Moscow) 342:693\u2013695","journal-title":"Doklady Akad Nauk (Moscow)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4755_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900090214","volume":"9","author":"S Rochkind","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rochkind S, Rousso M, Nissan M, Villarreal M, Barr-Nea L, Rees DG (1989) Systemeffects of low-power laser irradiation on the peripheral and central nervous system, cutaneous wounds, and burns. Lasers Surg Med 9(2):174\u2013182","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"4755_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.2002.2429","volume":"64","author":"A Schindl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schindl A, Heinze G, Schindl M, Pernerstorfer-Schon H, Schindl L (2002) Systemic effects of low-intensity laser irradiation on skin microcirculation in patients with diabetic micro angiopathy. Microvasc Res 64:240\u2013246","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4755_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/074880680402100401","volume":"21","author":"R Jackson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jackson R, Roche G, Butterwick KJ, Dedo DD, Slattery K (2004) Low-level laser-assisted liposuction: a clinical trial of its effectiveness for enhancing ease of liposuction procedures and facilitating the recovery process for patients undergoing thigh, hip, and stomach contouring. Am J Cosmet Surg 21(4):191\u2013198","journal-title":"Am J Cosmet Surg"},{"key":"4755_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/074880680101800302","volume":"18","author":"R Neira","year":"2001","unstructured":"Neira R, Jackson R, Dedo D, Ortiz CL, Arroyave JA (2001) Low level laser-assisted lipoplasty appearance of fat demon strated by MRI on abdominal tissue. Am J Cosmet Surg 18:133\u2013140","journal-title":"Am J Cosmet Surg"},{"key":"4755_CR27","unstructured":"Maloney R, Shanks S, Maloney J, Zimmerman E (2010) The reduction in serum low-density lipoprotein levels following low-level laser therapy: a non-controlled, nonrandomized study. Presented at American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, Phoenix, AZ; April 16\u201318, 2010"},{"key":"4755_CR28","first-page":"95","volume":"4","author":"TA Rushdi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rushdi TA (2010) Effect of low-level laser therapy on cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels in ICU patients: a controlled, randomized study. EJCTA 4:95\u201399","journal-title":"EJCTA"},{"issue":"3","key":"4755_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02867-5","volume":"35","author":"IT Croghan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Croghan IT et al (2020) Low-level laser therapy for weight reduction: a randomized pilot study. Lasers Med Sci 35(3):663\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-019-02867-5","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"4755_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022453","author":"ACH Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen ACH (2011) Low-level laser therapy activates NF-kB via generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLoS One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022453","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4755_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Page MJ et al The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Mar 29 2021 BMJ Publishing Group. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"4755_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A (Dec. 2016) Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev 5(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-"},{"issue":"366","key":"4755_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"28","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR, Hern\u00e1n MA, Hopewell S, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Junqueira DR, J\u00fcni P, Kirkham JJ, Lasserson T, Li T, McAleenan A, Reeves BC, Shepperd S, Shrier I, Stewart LA, Tilling K, White IR, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 28(366):l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"4755_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2016.4172","volume":"35","author":"GC Roche","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roche GC, Shanks S, Jackson RF, Holsey LJ (2017) Low-level laser therapy for reducing the hip, waist, and upper abdomen circumference of individuals with obesity. Photomed Laser Surg 35(3):142\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2016.4172","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4755_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-010-0126-y","volume":"21","author":"MK Caruso-Davis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Caruso-Davis MK et al (2011) Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for body contouring and spot fat reduction. Obes Surg 21(6):722\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-010-0126-y","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"4755_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20719","volume":"40","author":"D Manstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manstein D, Laubach H, Watanabe K, Farinelli W, Zurakowski D, Anderson RR (2008) Selective cryolysis: a novel method of non-invasive fat removal. Lasers Surg Med 40(9):595\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20719","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4755_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01863-3","volume":"45","author":"BS Atiyeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atiyeh BS, Chahine F (2021) Evidence-based efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in aesthetic body contouring. Aesthet Plast Surg 45(2):570\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-020-01863-3","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"4755_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0b013e3182a7f222","author":"D Bani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bani D, Li AQ, Freschi G, Lo Russo G (2013) Histological and ultrastructural effects of ultrasound-induced cavitation on human skin adipose tissue. Plast Reconstr Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0b013e3182a7f222","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"4755_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03647-x","volume":"48","author":"Z Alizadeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alizadeh Z, Halabchi F, Bodaghabadi Z, Zarandi MM, Abolhasani M, Seifi V, Khazaei R, Ghanadi S, Mazaheri R, Tabesh MR (2024) Non-invasive body contouring technologies: an updated narrative review. Aesthet Plast Surg 48:659\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03647-x","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"4755_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23250","volume":"52","author":"NM Abdel-Aal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdel-Aal NM, Elerian AE, Elmakaky AM, Alhamaky DMA (2020) Systemic effects of cryolipolysis in central obese women: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Surg Med 52(10):971\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.23250","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4755_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sju024","volume":"35","author":"WG Stevens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stevens WG, Bachelor EP (2015) Cryolipolysis conformable-surface applicator for nonsurgical fat reduction in lateral thighs. Aesthet Surg J 35(1):66\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sju024","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"4755_CR42","unstructured":"Dover J et al (2009) A prospective clinical study of noninvasive Cryolipolysis\u2122 for Subcutaneous Fat Layer Reduction"},{"issue":"2","key":"4755_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002016","volume":"46","author":"JY Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong JY et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound for noninvasive abdominal subcutaneous fat reduction. Dermatol Surg 46(2):213\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002016","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04755-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04755-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04755-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:21:52Z","timestamp":1771399312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04755-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04755-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"For this type of study, informed consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"534"}}