{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:56:02Z","timestamp":1781639762135,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 445\u00a0nm blue laser inferior turbinate reduction (BITR) and establish optimal energy parameters for patients with chronic rhinitis (CR) refractory to pharmacotherapy. This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with medically refractory CR, a Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score\u2009\u2265\u20096, and a nasal congestion score\u2009\u2265\u20092. Turbinate hypertrophy was graded using the Camacho classification. Patients were stratified into Group A (Grade 3) and Group B (Grade 4). Primary endpoints were changes in NOSE scores and 12-hour Reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score (12-h rTNSS) at 1, 3, and 6 months. At 6 months, laser energy settings were analyzed in the top 50% of responders to determine optimal settings. Eighty-four patients were analyzed. At 6 months, NOSE scores improved by a mean of 91.1% in Group A and 88.0% in Group B (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both). At 3 months, the 12-h rTNSS improved by 58.2% and 54.9%, respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both). In the top 50% of responders, the optimal mean energy delivered was 219\u00a0J (anterior) and 51\u00a0J (middle) for Group A, and 332\u00a0J (anterior) and 60\u00a0J (middle) for Group B. Postoperative complications were minimal. BITR is a safe and effective office-based procedure for medically refractory CR. To optimize outcomes, we recommend energy settings of approximately 219\u00a0J (anterior) and 51\u00a0J (middle) for moderate hypertrophy, and 332\u00a0J (anterior) and 60\u00a0J (middle) for severe hypertrophy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-026-04835-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T05:10:33Z","timestamp":1772860233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blue laser inferior turbinate reduction for medically refractory chronic rhinitis: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes and optimal energy settings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Cheng-Jung","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinn-Moon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lok-Yee Joyce","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4835_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liao JY, Hwang YL, Shih TY, Teng HL, Huang CY (2025) Radiofrequency ablation of inferior turbinates with posterior nasal nerve neurolysis for refractory rhinitis medicamentosa. Ear Nose Throat J 1455613251364615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613251364615","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613251364615"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4835_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-012-0515-8","volume":"65","author":"PK Parida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parida PK, Surianarayanan G, Alexander A, Saxena SK, Santhosh K (2013) Diode laser turbinate reduction in the treatment of symptomatic inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 65(Suppl 2):350\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-012-0515-8","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4835_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27409","volume":"129","author":"T Harju","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harju T, Honkanen M, Vippola M, Kivek\u00e4s I, Rautiainen M (2019) The effect of inferior turbinate surgery on ciliated epithelium: A randomized, blinded study. Laryngoscope 129(1):18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.27409","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"4835_CR4","first-page":"77","volume":"36","author":"E Serrano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Serrano E, Percodani J, Yardeni E et al (1998) The holmium: YAG laser for treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Rhinology 36(2):77\u201380","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4835_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.14744\/SEMB.2021.25902","volume":"56","author":"D Rifki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rifki D, Cebeci D, Karasel S, Akcay NI (2022) Efficacy of Erb-Laser on inferior turbinate hypertrophy: A retrospective and cohort study. Med Bull Sisli Etfal Hosp 56(3):381\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14744\/SEMB.2021.25902","journal-title":"Med Bull Sisli Etfal Hosp"},{"issue":"2","key":"4835_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.09.018","volume":"130","author":"MG Stewart","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stewart MG, Witsell DL, Smith TL, Weaver EM, Yueh B, Hannley MT (2004) Development and validation of the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130(2):157\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.09.018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4835_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24923","volume":"125","author":"M Camacho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Camacho M, Zaghi S, Certal V et al (2015) Inferior turbinate classification system, grades 1 to 4: development and validation study. Laryngoscope 125(2):296\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.24923","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"4835_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1159\/000543366","volume":"86","author":"CY Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang CY, Liao JY, Teng HL, Kang BH, Lin YS, Hsieh JW (2024) Posterior nasal nerve neurolysis in addition to radiofrequency ablation of the inferior turbinates for patients with chronic rhinitis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 86(5\u20136):191\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000543366","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"issue":"5","key":"4835_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23580","volume":"15","author":"YL Hwang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hwang YL, Liao JY, Hsu YS et al (2025) Radiofrequency ablation of inferior turbinates with laser posterior nasal nerve neurolysis for the treatment of chronic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 15(5):565\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.23580","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4835_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03477-w","volume":"37","author":"NN Mohamed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohamed NN, Basha Amin Khamis WM, Abdelbary EH, Alkabeer TY (2022) Diode laser-assisted inferior turbinoplasty in resistant cases of allergic rhinitis: a clinical and histopathological study. Lasers Med Sci 37(5):2053\u20132061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03477-w","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"214","key":"4835_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.4005","volume":"56","author":"NB Mahato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahato NB, Regmi D, Bista M (2018) Diode laser reduction of symptomatic inferior turbinate hypertrophy. J Nepal Med Assoc 56(214):958\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31729\/jnma.4005","journal-title":"J Nepal Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Lasers in Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-026-04835-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10103-026-04835-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10103-026-04835-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:31:58Z","timestamp":1781638318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10103-026-04835-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-026-04835-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-604X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-604X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the institutional review board of Taipei Medical University (TMU-JIRB No. N202509008).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived by the institutional review board due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"46"}}