{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:57:49Z","timestamp":1781650669501,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004172","name":"Mersin University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lasers Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Accurate characterization of the optical properties of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissue is essential for reliable modeling of light\u2013tissue interactions in laser-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this study, the absorption coefficient (\u00b5a), scattering coefficient (\u00b5s), anisotropy factor (g), and reduced scattering coefficient (\u00b5s\u2032) of RCC tissues were systematically evaluated at wavelengths of 637, 785, and 850\u00a0nm under continuous-wave (CW) and 1000 ms pulsed diode laser illumination. RCC samples with thicknesses ranging from 0.8 to 2.0\u00a0mm were analyzed using a calibrated dual integrating sphere system to measure total reflectance, total transmittance, and unscattered transmittance under controlled and reproducible conditions. The optical parameters were reconstructed using the Inverse Adding\u2013Doubling (IAD) method, and the effects of wavelength and laser modulation were statistically assessed using two-way ANOVA. The results demonstrated that wavelength significantly influenced \u00b5s and g, while \u00b5s\u2019 exhibited a strong modulation-dependent response under pulsed illumination. In contrast, \u00b5a showed a monotonic spectral trend without reaching statistical significance. In addition, pulsed laser illumination resulted in a statistically significant increase in \u00b5s\u2032 at 850\u00a0nm (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0286), indicating a modulation-dependent alteration in scattering behavior. Compared to reported values for healthy kidney tissue, RCC samples exhibited higher \u00b5a and \u00b5s\u2032, along with lower \u00b5s and g values, reflecting microstructural changes associated with malignant transformation. This study represents the first multi-wavelength diode laser investigation integrating CW\u2013pulsed modulation with IAD-based optical property reconstruction for RCC tissue. The findings provide experimentally validated optical parameters for improved light transport modeling and have direct implications for photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and optical imaging applications involving renal malignancies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-026-04869-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T02:26:51Z","timestamp":1776738411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative optical characterization of renal cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mehmet Bahadir","family":"Celik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Kucukkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"4869_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603796","volume":"96","author":"MM Baldewijns","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baldewijns MM, Van Vliet J, Thijssen VLJL, Van den Eynden GGG, Van Laere SJ, Van Oosterwijk E (2007) High-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma has a higher angiogenic activity and vessel maturation than low-grade tumours. 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