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Four monthly sessions were performed. The primary outcome was hair count in a standardized 4-cm\u00b2 area. Secondary outcomes included hair shaft thickness, pain intensity (numeric rating scale), participant satisfaction, evaluator-rated improvement (modified GAIS), quality of life (WHOQOL-bref), and adverse events. Participants and outcome assessors were blinded to side allocation.\u00a0Forty-eight participants initiated treatment; 36 completed all sessions and 28 attended the 4-week post-treatment assessment (S4). Hair counts and hair shaft thickness decreased significantly over time with both modalities. At S4 (primary endpoint), the intention-to-treat analysis showed no statistically significant between-modality difference in hair counts; at 30-week (around 7 months) follow-up, DL showed more favorable objective outcomes (lower hair counts and thinner residual shafts). Pain scores were consistently higher with DL. Adverse-event profiles differed: erythema was more frequent with IPL, whereas perifollicular edema and carbonization were more frequent with DL; events were transient and required no medical intervention. Exploratory stratification by Fitzpatrick skin type showed no consistent pattern of increased adverse events in higher skin types. Satisfaction favored DL, while WHOQOL-bref scores did not change significantly.\u00a0IPL and DL were both safe and effective for axillary hair removal in women with Fitzpatrick skin types I\u2013IV. DL yielded more favorable longer-term objective outcomes but greater discomfort and transient procedure-related adverse effects. Trial registration: NCT06179186, 23 December 2023.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-026-04904-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:22:34Z","timestamp":1780730554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light compared to diode Laser for hair removal: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4902-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Taylor de Brito","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ol\u00edvia Harumi Ara\u00fajo Sato","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8332-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Rodrigues","family":"Galache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2244-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana Camargo","family":"Khachikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4795-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard Eloin","family":"Liebano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8275-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"Pavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4904_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz264","volume":"40","author":"JD Tijerina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tijerina JD, Morrison SD, Nolan IT et al (2020) Predicting public interest in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures using Google Trends. 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