{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:54:38Z","timestamp":1791640478954,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004897","name":"European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["003-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastric Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment landscape for gastric cancer (GC) is constantly evolving with therapies affecting all aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) which need careful monitoring. While there are HRQoL measures designed specifically to capture issues relevant to patients with GC, these might be outdated and only relevant to patients in westernised cultures. This review identifies the patient-reported measures used to assess HRQoL of patients with GC and compares the HRQoL measures used across cultures including East Asia, where GC is more prevalent. We conducted a systematic review of publications between January 2001 and January 2021. A total of 267 papers were identified; the majority (66%) of studies involved patients from East Asian countries. Out of the 24 HRQoL questionnaires captured, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Cancer measure (QLQ-C30) was the most widely used (60% of all studies and 62% of those involving patients from East Asian countries), followed by its gastric cancer-specific module (QLQ-STO22, 34% of all studies and 41% from East Asia). Eight questionnaires were developed within East Asian countries and, of the 20 studies including bespoke questions, 16 were from East Asia. There were six qualitative studies. HRQoL issues captured include diarrhoea, constipation, reflux, abdominal pain and abdominal fulness or bloating, difficulty swallowing, restricted eating, and weight loss. Psychosocial issues related to these problems were also assessed. Issues relating to the compatibility of some of the westernised measures within East Asian cultures were highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-022-01309-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T05:03:04Z","timestamp":1654923784000},"page":"665-677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Systematic review of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) issues associated with gastric cancer: capturing cross-cultural differences"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Rowsell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8755-146X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha C.","family":"Sodergren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassilios","family":"Vassiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Darlington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne G.","family":"Guren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Alkhaffaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantelle","family":"Moorbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristopher","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsumi","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR1","first-page":"26","volume":"14","author":"P Rawla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rawla P, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of gastric cancer: global trends, risk factors and prevention. Prz Gastroenterol. 2019;14(1):26\u201338.","journal-title":"Prz Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw350","volume":"27","author":"EC Smyth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smyth EC, Verheij M, Allum W, Cunningham D, Cervantes A, Arnold D. Gastric cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(5):38\u201349.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"15S","key":"1309_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4004","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.4004","volume":"35","author":"S-E Al-Batran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Batran S-E, Homann N, Schmalenberg H, Kopp H-G, Haag GM, Luley KB, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and fluorouracil\/leucovorin (FLOT) versus epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil or capecitabine (ECF\/ECX) for resectable gastric or gastroesophagealjunction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma (FLOT4-AIO): a multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15S):4004\u20134004.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1309_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2017.08.006","volume":"43","author":"K Kataoka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kataoka K, Dleersnijder A, Lordick F. Will molecular target agents enable the multidisciplinary treatment in stage IV gastric cancer? Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43(10):1835\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"10111","key":"1309_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31827-5","volume":"390","author":"YK Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang YK, Boku N, Satoh T, Ryu MH, Chao Y, Kato K, et al. Nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer refractory to, or intolerant of, at least two previous chemotherapy regimens (ONO-4538-12, ATTRACTION-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10111):2461\u201371.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1309_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01358-2","volume":"37","author":"S Mitani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitani S, Kadowaki S, Komori A, Kondoh C, Oze I, Kato K, et al. A phase II study of modified FOLFOX6 for advanced gastric cancer refractory to standard therapies. Adv Ther. 2020;37(6):2853\u201364.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6612","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang J, Li Y, Qi Y. Effect of glutamine-enriched nutritional support on intestinal mucosal barrier function, MMP-2, MMP-9 and immune function in patients with advanced gastric cancer during perioperative chemotherapy. Oncol Lett. 2017;14(3):3606\u201310.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2017.09.07","volume":"25","author":"S Nunobe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nunobe S, Hiki N. Function-preserving surgery for gastric cancer: current status and future perspectives. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;25(2):77.","journal-title":"Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-018-0397-0","volume":"18","author":"W Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen W, Jiang X, Huang H, Ding Z, Li C. Jejunal pouch reconstruction after total gastrectomy is associated with better short-term absorption capacity and quality of life in early-stage gastric cancer patients. BMC Surg. 2018;18(1):63.","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"1309_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735419873404","volume":"18","author":"S Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong S, Park B, Noh H, Choi DJ. Herbal medicine for dumping syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Integr Cancer Ther. 2019;18:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"1309_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0357-5","volume":"16","author":"E Scarpellini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scarpellini E, Arts J, Karamanolis G, Laurenius A, Siquini W, Suzuki H, Ukleja A, et al. International consensus on the diagnosis and management of dumping syndrome. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(8):448\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i3.1101","volume":"22","author":"MD McCall","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCall MD, Graham PJ, Bathe OF. Quality of life: a critical outcome for all surgical treatments of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(3):1101\u201313.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/sajc.sajc_196_17","volume":"7","author":"DS Pruthi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pruthi DS, Ahmad M, Gupta M, Bansal S, Nautiyal V, Saini S. Assessment of quality of life in resectable gastric cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy as adjuvant treatment. South Asian J Cancer. 2018;7(1):16\u201320.","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2016.216","volume":"49","author":"KW Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee KW, Kim BJ, Kim MJ, Han HS, Kim JW, Park YI, Park SR. A multicenter randomized phase II study of docetaxel vs docetaxel plus cisplatin vs. docetaxel plus S-1 as second-line chemotherapy in metastatic gastric cancer patients who had progressed after cisplatin plus either S-1 or capecitabine. Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(3):706\u201316.","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.342","volume":"52","author":"JK Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang JK, Fang LL, Zhang DW, Jin Q, Wu XM, Liu JC, Zhang CD, Dai DQ. Type D personality in gastric cancer survivors: association with poor quality of life, overall survival, and mental health. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2016;52(1):81\u201391.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e034782","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034782","volume":"10","author":"B Alkhaffaf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkhaffaf B, Blazeby JM, Bruce IA, Morris RL. Patient priorities in relation to surgery for gastric cancer: qualitative interviews with gastric cancer surgery patients to inform the development of a core outcome set. BMJ Open. 2020;10(2):e034782.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"1309_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znab192","volume":"108","author":"B Alkhaffaf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alkhaffaf B, Metryka A, Blazeby JM, Glenny AM, Adeyeye A, Costa PM, Diez Del Val I, Gisbertz SS, Guner A, Law S, Lee HJ, Li Z, Nakada K, Reim D, Vorwald P, Baiocchi GL, Allum W, Chaudry MA, Griffiths EA, Williamson PR, Bruce IA. Core outcome set for surgical trials in gastric cancer (GASTROS study): international patient and healthcare professional consensus. Br J Surg. 2021;108(10):1216\u201324.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1309_CR18","unstructured":"Common Terminology criteria for adverse events. https:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocoldevelopment\/electronic_applications\/docs\/CTCAE_v5_Quick_Reference_8.5x11.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2021."},{"issue":"6","key":"1309_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","volume":"30","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473\u201383.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087","volume":"33","author":"R Rabin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rabin R, de Charro F. EQ-SD: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group. Anna Med. 2001;33(5):337\u201343.","journal-title":"Anna Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.3.570","volume":"11","author":"DF Cella","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cella DF, Tulsky DS, Gray G, Sarafian B, Linn E, Bonomi A, et al. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale: development and validation of the general measure. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(3):570\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.5.365","volume":"85","author":"NK Aaronson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, Bullinger M, Cull A, Duez NJ, et al. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85(5):365\u201376.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"8","key":"1309_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(00)00417-2","volume":"37","author":"CW Vickery","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vickery CW, Blazeby JM, Conroy T, Arraras J, Sezer O, Koller M, Rosemeyer D, Johnson CD, Alderson D, EORTC Quality of Life Group. Development of an EORTC disease-specific quality of life module for use in patients with gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37(8):966\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"15","key":"1309_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2004.05.023","volume":"40","author":"JM Blazeby","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blazeby JM, Conroy T, Bottomley A, Vickery C, Arraras J, Sezer O, Moore J, Koller M, Turhal NS, Stuart R, Van Cutsem E, D\u2019haese S, Coens C, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal and Quality of Life Groups. Clinical and psychometric validation of a questionnaire module, the EORTC QLQ-STO22, to assess quality of life in patients with gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40(15):2260\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"1309_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25556","volume":"117","author":"SN Garland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garland SN, Pelletier G, Lawe A, Biagioni BJ, Easaw J, Eliasziw M, et al. Prospective evaluation of the reliability, validity, and minimally important difference of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-gastric (FACT-Ga) quality-of-life instrument. Cancer. 2011;117(6):1302\u201312.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800820229","volume":"82","author":"E Eypasch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eypasch E, Williams JI, Wood-Dauphinee S, Ure BM, Schm\u00fclling C, Neugebauer E, Troidl H. Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index: development, validation and application of a new instrument. Br J Surg. 1995;82(2):216\u201322.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-014-0344-4","volume":"18","author":"K Nakada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakada K, Ikeda M, Takahashi M, Kinami S, Yoshida M, Uenosono Y, Kawashima Y, Oshio A, Suzukamo Y, Terashima M, Kodera Y. Characteristics and clinical relevance of postgastrectomy syndrome assessment scale (PGSAS)-45: newly developed integrated questionnaires for assessment of living status and quality of life in postgastrectomy patients. Gastric Cancer. 2015;18(1):147\u201358.","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"1309_CR28","first-page":"1212","volume":"27","author":"Q Meng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meng Q, Wan CH, Luo JH, Tang XL, Li YF, Cun YL, Dai YG. Development of the system of quality of life instruments for cancer patients: stomach cancer (QLICP-ST). Ai Zheng. 2008;27(11):1212\u20136.","journal-title":"Ai Zheng"},{"issue":"6","key":"1309_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4229-x","volume":"22","author":"J Woo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Woo J, Lee JH, Shim KN, Jung HK, Lee HM, Lee HK. Does the difference of invasiveness between totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy lead to a difference in early surgical outcomes? A prospective randomized trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(6):1836\u201343.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1256","volume":"17","author":"S Morita","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morita S, Kaptein AA, Oba K, Sakamoto J. The domain structure of the EORTC QLQ-STO22 supported by Japanese validation data. Psychooncology. 2008;17(5):474\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1309_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1158","volume":"16","author":"CC Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang CC, Lien HH, Sung YC, Liu HT, Chie WC. Quality of life of patients with gastric cancer in Taiwan: validation and clinical application of the Taiwan Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-STO22. Psychooncology. 2007;16(10):945\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1309_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1974","volume":"21","author":"LF O\u00f1ate-Oca\u00f1a","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u00f1ate-Oca\u00f1a LF, Vel\u00e1zquez-Monroy N, V\u00e1zquez L, Espinosa-Mireles-de-Villafranca P, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Rosas E, Ovando-Lezama M, et al. Clinical validation of the EORTC QLQ-OG25 questionnaire for the evaluation of health-related quality of life in Mexican patients with esophagogastric cancers. Psychooncology. 2012;21(7):745\u201353.","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"1309_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-274","volume":"6","author":"S Sadighi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sadighi S, Mohagheghi MA, Montazeri A, Sadighi Z. Quality of life in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomized trial comparing docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU (TCF) with epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-FU (ECF). BMC Cancer. 2006;6:274.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(04)01386-5","volume":"5","author":"S Dein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dein S. Explanatory models of and attitudes towards cancer in different cultures. Lancet Oncol. 2004;5(2):119\u201324.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4417-z","volume":"166","author":"MJ Fischer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fischer MJ, Inoue K, Matsuda A, et al. Cross-cultural comparison of breast cancer patients\u2019 Quality of Life in the Netherlands and Japan. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017;166(2):459\u201371.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1309_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.439","volume":"14","author":"CC Gotay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gotay CC, Blaine D, Haynes SN, Holup J, Pagano IS. Assessment of quality of life in a multicultural cancer patient population. Psychol Assess. 2002;14(4):439\u201350.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"1309_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-3-60","volume":"3","author":"IS Pagano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pagano IS, Gotay CC. Ethnic differential item functioning in the assessment of quality of life in cancer patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005;3:60.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"1309_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","volume":"339","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. BMJ. 2009;339:2535.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"18","key":"1309_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.12.121","volume":"21","author":"F Efficace","year":"2003","unstructured":"Efficace F, Bottomley A, Osoba D, Gotay C, Flechtner H, D\u2019haese S, Zurlo A. Beyond the development of health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) measures: a checklist for evaluating HRQOL outcomes in cancer clinical trials\u2013does HRQOL evaluation in prostate cancer research inform clinical decision making? J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(18):3502\u201311.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1309_CR40","unstructured":"World Population Review https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/east-asian-countries. Accessed 4 Nov 2021."},{"issue":"10","key":"1309_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-1858-8","volume":"21","author":"S Carey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carey S, Laws R, Ferrie S, Young J, Allman-Farinelli M. Struggling with food and eating\u2013life after major upper gastrointestinal surgery. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21(10):2749\u201357.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfcli.2018.06.006","volume":"29","author":"GM Carrillo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carrillo GM, Santamar\u00eda NP. Life after a gastrectomy: Experience of patients with gastric cancer. Enferm Clin (Engl Ed). 2019;29(1):27\u201333.","journal-title":"Enferm Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-012-9443-9","volume":"44","author":"J Ellis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ellis J, Brearley SG, Craven O, Molassiotis A. Understanding the symptom experience of patients with gastrointestinal cancers in the first year following diagnosis: findings from a qualitative longitudinal study. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2013;44(1):60\u20137.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2975-9","volume":"16","author":"R Hofheinz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hofheinz R, Clouth J, Borchardt-Wagner J, Wagner U, Weidling E, Jen MH, Br\u00fcck P. Patient preferences for palliative treatment of locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction: a choice-based conjoint analysis study from Germany. BMC Cancer. 2016;16(1):937.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2020.1270","volume":"53","author":"BW Eom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eom BW, Lee J, Lee IS, Son YG, Ryu KW, Kim SG, KOrean QUality of life in Stomach cancer patients Study group (KOQUSS), et al. Development and validation of a symptom-focused quality of life questionnaire (KOQUSS-40) for gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy. Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):763\u201372.","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"14","key":"1309_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.07.005","volume":"43","author":"P Lagergren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lagergren P, Fayers P, Conroy T, Stein HJ, Sezer O, Hardwick R, Hammerlid E, Bottomley A, Van Cutsem E, Blazeby JM, European Organisation for Research Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal and Quality of Life Groups. Clinical and psychometric validation of a questionnaire module, the EORTC QLQ-OG25, to assess health-related quality of life in patients with cancer of the oesophagus, the oesophago-gastric junction and the stomach. Eur J Cancer. 2007;43(14):2066\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"1309_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(03)00270-3","volume":"39","author":"JM Blazeby","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blazeby JM, Conroy T, Hammerlid E, Fayers P, Sezer O, Koller M, et al. Clinical and psychometric validation of an EORTC questionnaire module, the EORTC QLQ-OES18, to assess quality of life in patients with oesophageal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(10):1384\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008841022998","volume":"7","author":"DA Revicki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Revicki DA, Wood M, Wiklund I, Crawley J. Reliability and validity of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Qual Life Res. 1998;7(1):75\u201383.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1309_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-9567-x","volume":"13","author":"AM Rentz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rentz AM, Kahrilas P, Stanghellini V, Tack J, Talley NJ, de la Loge C, Trudeau E, Dubois D, Revicki DA. Development and psychometric evaluation of the patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal symptom severity index (PAGI-SYM) in patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders. Qual Life Res. 2004;13(10):1737\u201349.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015614505929","volume":"11","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matsumoto T, Ohashi Y, Morita S, Kobayashi K, Shibuya M, Yamaji Y, Eguchi K, Fukuoka M, Nagao K, Nishiwaki Y, Niitani H, CPT-11 Lung Cancer Study Groups West and East. The quality of life questionnaire for cancer patients treated with anticancer drugs (QOL-ACD): validity and reliability in japanese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(5):483\u201393.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1309_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-003-0482-4","volume":"11","author":"AR Martin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Martin AR, Pearson JD, Cai B, Elmer M, Horgan K, Lindley C. Assessing the impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting on patients\u2019 daily lives: a modified version of the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) with 5-day recall. Support Care Cancer. 2003;11(8):522\u20137.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(96)00274-6","volume":"13","author":"SB Yellen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yellen SB, Cella DF, Webster K, Blendowski C, Kaplan E. Measuring fatigue and other anemia-related symptoms with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) measurement system. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1997;13(2):63\u201374.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2011.04.004","volume":"202","author":"S Ishigami","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ishigami S, Natsugoe S, Hokita S, Aoki T, Kashiwagi H, Hirakawa K, et al. Postoperative long-term evaluation of interposition reconstruction compared with Roux-en-Y after total gastrectomy in gastric cancer: prospective randomized controlled trial. Am J Surg. 2011;202(3):247\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.9738\/INTSURG-D-13-00111.1","volume":"99","author":"H Kawamura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kawamura H, Takahashi N, Homma S, Minagawa N, Shibasaki S, Takahashi M, Taketomi A. Assessment of postoperative symptoms after laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer. Int Surg. 2014;99(5):645\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"1309_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-6518-z","volume":"20","author":"X Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu X, Zhao F, Yu H, et al. GC-PROM: validation of a patient-reported outcomes measure for Chinese patients with gastric cancer. BMC Cancer. 2020;20:41.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800790321","volume":"79","author":"D Korenaga","year":"1992","unstructured":"Korenaga D, Orita H, Okuyama T, Moriguchi S, Maehara Y, Sugimachi K. Quality of life after gastrectomy in patients with carcinoma of the stomach. Br J Surg. 1992;79(3):248\u201350.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1309_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900305","volume":"21","author":"CW Wu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wu CW, Hsieh MC, Lo SS, Lui WY, P\u2019eng FK. Quality of life of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma after curative gastrectomy. World J Surg. 1997;21(7):777\u201382.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1309_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-016-2465-6","volume":"22","author":"P Quan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quan P, Zheng PY, You SF, Hua YQ, Song Y, Liu T, Wan CH, Lu JG. Clinical and psychometric validation of the quality of life assessment system for advanced gastric cancer based on traditional Chinese medicine. Chin J Integr Med. 2016;22(8):581\u20138.","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04187.x","volume":"31","author":"Y Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan Y, Ching JY, Cheung CM, Tsoi KK, Polder-Verkiel S, Pang SH, Quan WL, Kee KM, Chan FK, Sung JJ, Wu JC. Development and validation of a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: the GERD-QOL questionnaire. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31(3):452\u201360.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"1309_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(81)90058-8","volume":"34","author":"WO Spitzer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Spitzer WO, Dobson AJ, Hall J, Chesterman E, Levi J, Shepherd R, Battista RN, Catchlove BR. Measuring the quality of life of cancer patients: a concise QL-index for use by physicians. J Chronic Dis. 1981;34(12):585\u201397.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002086","volume":"33","author":"H Sintonen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sintonen H. The 15D instrument of health-related quality of life: properties and applications. Ann Med. 2001;33(5):328\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"1309_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46(12):1569\u201385.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00009-4"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"1309_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12311","volume":"23","author":"YM Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma YM, Ba CF, Wang YB. Analysis of factors affecting the life quality of the patients with late stomach cancer. J Clin Nurs. 2014;23(9\u201310):1257\u201362.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000416","volume":"43","author":"KE Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee KE, Lim KH. Differences in factors affecting the quality of life over time after the gastrectomy in patients with stage I gastric Cancer. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2020;43(3):241\u20138.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs."},{"issue":"11","key":"1309_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3290-3","volume":"24","author":"H Maeda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maeda H, Sato M, Kobayashi M, Takiguchi N, Yoshikawa T, Yoshino S, Yoshida K, Tsuburaya A, Sakamoto J, Morita S. Validity of the Japanese version of functional assessment of cancer therapy-gastric (FACT-Ga) and its sensitivity to ascites volume change: a retrospective analysis of Japanese clinical trial participants. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(11):4515\u201321.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-0839-3","volume":"34","author":"M Deng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deng M, Lan Y, Luo S. Quality of life estimate in stomach, colon, and rectal cancer patients in a hospital in China. Tumour Biol. 2013;34(5):2809\u201315.","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1309_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-014-1950-z","volume":"21","author":"DZ Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun DZ, Jiao JP, Zhang X, Xu JY, Ye M, Xiu LJ, et al. Therapeutic effect of Jinlongshe Granule () on quality of life of stage IV gastric cancer patients using EORTC QLQ-C30: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Chin J Integr Med. 2015;21(8):579\u201386.","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"47","key":"1309_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017875","volume":"98","author":"P Shu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shu P, Tang H, Zhou B, Wang R, Xu Y, Shao J, Qi M, Xia Y, Huang W, Liu S. Effect of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction on stages II and III gastric cancer: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(47): e17875.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-022-01346-1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000}}],"container-title":["Gastric Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10120-022-01309-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10120-022-01309-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10120-022-01309-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T11:45:10Z","timestamp":1666439110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10120-022-01309-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10120-022-01309-6","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10120-022-01346-1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1436-3291","1436-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3291","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2022","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10120-022-01346-1","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10120-022-01346-1","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This work supported by funding received from the European Organisation for Research And Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group awarded to SS, MT and VV (Grant reference 003\u20132019). MG received funding from the Norwegian Cancer Society (grant number 190188\u20132017). CM\u2019s PhD. is funded by the Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation. All other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}