{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:09:16Z","timestamp":1788739756685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastric Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-025-01655-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T05:02:50Z","timestamp":1757221370000},"page":"1213-1231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and validation of a machine learning model for predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in advanced gastric cancer using dynamic changes in peripheral blood clinlabomics data: a retrospective multicenter cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shulun","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aina","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meili","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangli","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linli","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5868-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR1","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"10251","key":"1655_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31288-5","volume":"396","author":"EC Smyth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smyth EC, Nilsson M, Grabsch HI, et al. Gastric cancer. Lancet. 2020;396(10251):635\u201348.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR3","first-page":"264","volume":"71","author":"SS Joshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joshi SS, Badgwell BD. Current treatment and recent progress in gastric cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):264\u201379.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00703-w","volume":"20","author":"M Alsina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alsina M, Arrazubi V, Diez M, et al. Current developments in gastric cancer: from molecular profiling to treatment strategy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20(3):155\u201370.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10294","key":"1655_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00797-2","volume":"398","author":"YY Janjigian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janjigian YY, Shitara K, Moehler M, et al. First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021;398(10294):27\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"1655_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.3370","volume":"6","author":"K Shitara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shitara K, Van Cutsem E, Bang YJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone for patients with first-line, advanced gastric cancer: the KEYNOTE-062 phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(10):1571\u201380.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1655_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.36","volume":"16","author":"SL Topalian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Topalian SL, Taube JM, Anders RA, et al. Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16(5):275\u201387.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"21","key":"1655_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.020","volume":"184","author":"G Morad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morad G, Helmink BA, Sharma P, et al. Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade. Cell. 2021;184(21):5309\u201337.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"1655_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.88","volume":"14","author":"M Nishino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nishino M, Ramaiya NH, Hatabu H, et al. Monitoring immune-checkpoint blockade: response evaluation and biomarker development. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2017;14(11):655\u201368.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01451-3","volume":"16","author":"WL Guan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guan WL, He Y, Xu RH. Gastric cancer treatment: recent progress and future perspectives. J Hematol Oncol. 2023;16(1):57.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e460","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0471","volume":"25","author":"M Di Bartolomeo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Bartolomeo M, Morano F, Raimondi A, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of microsatellite instability, inflammatory reaction and PD-L1 in gastric cancer patients treated with either adjuvant 5-FU\/LV or sequential FOLFIRI followed by cisplatin and docetaxel: a translational analysis from the ITACA-S trial. Oncologist. 2020;25(3):e460\u20138.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"1655_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-019-00974-4","volume":"22","author":"JY Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim JY, Kim WG, Kwon CH, et al. Differences in immune contextures among different molecular subtypes of gastric cancer and their prognostic impact. Gastric Cancer. 2019;22(6):1164\u201375.","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32570-z","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Jia K, Sun Y, et al. Predicting response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer via multi-dimensional analyses of the tumour immune microenvironment. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):4851.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01932-y","volume":"9","author":"Z Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Z, Chen Y, Sun Y, et al. Predicting gastric cancer response to anti-HER2 therapy or anti-HER2 combined immunotherapy based on multi-modal data. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):222.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40890-x","volume":"14","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang W, et al. Biology-guided deep learning predicts prognosis and cancer immunotherapy response. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):5135.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5095","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32816-w","volume":"13","author":"W Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang W, Jiang Y, Xiong W, et al. Noninvasive imaging of the tumor immune microenvironment correlates with response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):5095.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1655_CR17","first-page":"134","volume":"2024","author":"Z Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Z, Zhang T, Ahmad MU, et al. Comprehensive assessment of immune context and immunotherapy response via noninvasive imaging in gastric cancer. J Clin Investig. 2024; 134(6).","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"8","key":"1655_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101146","volume":"4","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Zhou K, Sun Z, et al. Non-invasive tumor microenvironment evaluation and treatment response prediction in gastric cancer using deep learning radiomics. Cell Rep Med. 2023;4(8):101146.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-20935-9","volume":"12","author":"C Valero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valero C, Lee M, Hoen D, et al. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mutational burden as biomarkers of tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):729.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1655_CR20","first-page":"11","volume":"2023","author":"M Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng M. Systemic inflammation shapes clinical outcomes in response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment: moving toward optimizing antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer.\u00a02023; 11(3).","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"1655_CR21","first-page":"9","volume":"2021","author":"F Pietrantonio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pietrantonio F, Lonardi S, Corti F, et al. Nomogram to predict the outcomes of patients with microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer.\u00a02021; 9(8).","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"1655_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00772-7","volume":"5","author":"TG Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang TG, Cao Y, Sfreddo HJ, et al. Loris robustly predicts patient outcomes with immune checkpoint blockade therapy using common clinical, pathologic and genomic features. Nat Cancer. 2024;5(8):1158\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01070-8","volume":"40","author":"D Chowell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chowell D, Yoo SK, Valero C, et al. Improved prediction of immune checkpoint blockade efficacy across multiple cancer types. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40(4):499\u2013506.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"1655_CR24","first-page":"10","volume":"2022","author":"M Hwang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hwang M, Canzoniero JV, Rosner S, et al. Peripheral blood immune cell dynamics reflect antitumor immune responses and predict clinical response to immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer.\u00a02022; 10(6).","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0116-x","volume":"19","author":"JJ Havel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Havel JJ, Chowell D, Chan TA. The evolving landscape of biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2019;19(3):133\u201350.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"13","key":"1655_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2302038","volume":"388","author":"CJ Haug","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haug CJ, Drazen JM. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in clinical medicine, 2023. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(13):1201\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04926-1","volume":"23","author":"X Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen X, Leng P, Wang J, et al. Clinlabomics: leveraging clinical laboratory data by data mining strategies. BMC Bioinform. 2022;23(1):387.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"1655_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7594","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594","volume":"350","author":"GS Collins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, et al. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. BMJ. 2015;350:g7594.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1655_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","volume":"45","author":"EA Eisenhauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228\u201347.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"1655_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15281","volume":"314","author":"P Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li P, Stuart EA, Allison DB. Multiple imputation: a flexible tool for handling missing data. JAMA. 2015;314(18):1966\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"1655_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2015.03.009","volume":"48","author":"T-T Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong T-T. Performance evaluation of classification algorithms by k-fold and leave-one-out cross validation. Pattern Recogn. 2015;48(9):2839\u201346.","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","volume":"44","author":"ER DeLong","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44(3):837\u201345.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747","volume":"143","author":"JA Hanley","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143(1):29\u201336.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1655_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06295361","volume":"26","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, Elkin EB. Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models. Med Decis Mak. 2006;26(6):565\u201374.","journal-title":"Med Decis Mak"},{"issue":"21","key":"1655_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.5654","volume":"34","author":"KF Kerr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kerr KF, Brown MD, Zhu K, et al. Assessing the clinical impact of risk prediction models with decision curves: guidance for correct interpretation and appropriate use. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(21):2534\u201340.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c30fb2","volume":"21","author":"EW Steyerberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Steyerberg EW, Vickers AJ, Cook NR, et al. Assessing the performance of prediction models: a framework for traditional and novel measures. Epidemiology. 2010;21(1):128\u201338.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0138-9","volume":"2","author":"SM Lundberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lundberg SM, Erion G, Chen H, et al. From Local Explanations to Global Understanding with Explainable AI for Trees. Nat Mach\nIntell. 2020; 2(1):56-67.","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35431-x","volume":"14","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li S, Yu W, Xie F, et al. Neoadjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint blockade, antiangiogenesis, and chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):8.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03801-5","volume":"22","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Dai X, Liu A, et al. Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. BMC Med. 2024;22(1):585.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","volume":"26","author":"MD Robinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robinson MD, McCarthy DJ, Smyth GK. edgeR: a bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics. 2010;26(1):139\u201340.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","volume":"25","author":"M Ashburner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, et al. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat Genet. 2000;25(1):25\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanehisa M, Goto S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000;28(1):27\u201330.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1655_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3612","volume":"4","author":"K Yoshihara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoshihara K, Shahmoradgoli M, Mart\u00ednez E, et al. Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2612.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1349-1","volume":"18","author":"D Aran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aran D, Hu Z, Butte AJ. Xcell: digitally portraying the tissue cellular heterogeneity landscape. Genome Biol. 2017;18(1):220.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1655_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0114-2","volume":"37","author":"AM Newman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Newman AM, Steen CB, Liu CL, et al. Determining cell type abundance and expression from bulk tissues with digital cytometry. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37(7):773\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1070-5","volume":"17","author":"E Becht","year":"2016","unstructured":"Becht E, Giraldo NA, Lacroix L, et al. Estimating the population abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression. Genome Biol. 2016;17(1):218.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.003","volume":"39","author":"G Bindea","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Tosolini M, et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of intratumoral immune cells reveal the immune landscape in human cancer. Immunity. 2013;39(4):782\u201395.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"1655_CR48","first-page":"22","volume":"2021","author":"FF Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu FF, Liu CJ, Liu LL, et al. Expression profile of immune checkpoint genes and their roles in predicting immunotherapy response. Brief Bioinform.\u00a02021; 22(3).","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.78.2276","volume":"37","author":"PA Ott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ott PA, Bang YJ, Piha-Paul SA, et al. T-cell-inflamed gene-expression profile, programmed death ligand 1 expression, and tumor mutational burden predict efficacy in patients treated with pembrolizumab across 20 cancers: KEYNOTE-028. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(4):318\u201327.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"31","key":"1655_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.9984","volume":"31","author":"AC Wolff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Hicks DG, et al. Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American society of clinical oncology\/college of American pathologists clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(31):3997\u20134013.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"16","key":"1655_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.6529","volume":"28","author":"ME Hammond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hammond ME, Hayes DF, Dowsett M, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology\/College Of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(16):2784\u201395.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1655_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2012.1812","volume":"28","author":"S Ohki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ohki S, Shibata M, Gonda K, et al. Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased and correlate to immune suppression, inflammation and hypoproteinemia in patients with cancer. Oncol Rep. 2012;28(2):453\u20138.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1655_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2016.03.018","volume":"28","author":"K Moses","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moses K, Brandau S. Human neutrophils: their role in cancer and relation to myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Semin Immunol. 2016;28(2):187\u201396.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3191","volume":"12","author":"NP Restifo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Restifo NP, Dudley ME, Rosenberg SA. Adoptive immunotherapy for cancer: harnessing the T cell response. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012;12(4):269\u201381.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1655_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0222-4","volume":"16","author":"ME Shaul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shaul ME, Fridlender ZG. Tumour-associated neutrophils in patients with cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019;16(10):601\u201320.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1655_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0229-5","volume":"19","author":"S Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel S, Fu S, Mastio J, et al. Unique pattern of neutrophil migration and function during tumor progression. Nat Immunol. 2018;19(11):1236\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2011.06.004","volume":"82","author":"H Piccard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Piccard H, Muschel RJ, Opdenakker G. On the dual roles and polarized phenotypes of neutrophils in tumor development and progression. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2012;82(3):296\u2013309.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0686-0","volume":"122","author":"AH Nassar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nassar AH, Mouw KW, Jegede O, et al. A model combining clinical and genomic factors to predict response to PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade in advanced urothelial carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2020;122(4):555\u201363.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00639-6","volume":"24","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Lu Z, Wu S, et al. The dynamic role of platelets in cancer progression and their therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cancer. 2024;24(1):72\u201387.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"1655_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-531582","volume":"126","author":"AT Franco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franco AT, Corken A, Ware J. Platelets at the interface of thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer. Blood. 2015;126(5):582\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.08.031","volume":"6","author":"L Yang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yang L, DeBusk LM, Fukuda K, et al. Expansion of myeloid immune suppressor Gr+CD11b+ cells in tumor-bearing host directly promotes tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Cell. 2004;6(4):409\u201321.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.010","volume":"41","author":"R Noy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noy R, Pollard JW. Tumor-associated macrophages: from mechanisms to therapy. Immunity. 2014;41(1):49\u201361.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0494","volume":"7","author":"H Reichman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reichman H, Itan M, Rozenberg P, et al. Activated eosinophils exert antitumorigenic activities in colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7(3):388\u2013400.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1655_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3159","volume":"16","author":"R Carretero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carretero R, Sektioglu IM, Garbi N, et al. Eosinophils orchestrate cancer rejection by normalizing tumor vessels and enhancing infiltration of CD8(+) T cells. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(6):609\u201317.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1655_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-008-9955-5","volume":"15","author":"Y Kolev","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kolev Y, Uetake H, Takagi Y, et al. Lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) expression in human gastric cancer: association with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha) pathway, angiogenic factors production and poor prognosis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(8):2336\u201344.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1655_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860701644086","volume":"47","author":"S Lukacova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lukacova S, S\u00f8rensen BS, Alsner J, et al. The impact of hypoxia on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in two different pre-clinical tumour models. Acta Oncol. 2008;47(5):941\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1655_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00686-2","volume":"19","author":"G Claps","year":"2022","unstructured":"Claps G, Faouzi S, Quidville V, et al. The multiple roles of LDH in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19(12):749\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1655_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2022.100445","volume":"7","author":"M Stares","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stares M, Ding TE, Stratton C, et al. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation predict survival with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer. ESMO Open. 2022;7(2):100445.","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"1655_CR69","first-page":"10","volume":"2022","author":"M Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng M. Serum albumin: a pharmacokinetic marker for optimizing treatment outcome of immune checkpoint blockade. J Immunother Cancer.\u00a02022; 10(12).","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR70","first-page":"23","volume":"36","author":"Y Kojima","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kojima Y, Sakurada T. Increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor. Cancer Res. 1976;36(1):23\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0315-0","volume":"6","author":"AA Lalani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lalani AA, Xie W, Martini DJ, et al. Change in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in response to immune checkpoint blockade for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2018;6(1):5.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"1655_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.11.012","volume":"89","author":"M Ameratunga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ameratunga M, Ch\u00e9nard-Poirier M, Moreno Candilejo I, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio kinetics in patients with advanced solid tumours on phase I trials of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors. Eur J Cancer. 2018;89:56\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03359-x","volume":"20","author":"M Guida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guida M, Bartolomeo N, Quaresmini D, et al. Basal and one-month differed neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet values and their ratios strongly predict the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy in patients with advanced BRAF wild-type melanoma. J Transl Med. 2022;20(1):159.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1655_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1507","volume":"22","author":"PS Hegde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hegde PS, Karanikas V, Evers S. The where, the when, and the how of immune monitoring for cancer immunotherapies in the era of checkpoint inhibition. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(8):1865\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0007-y","volume":"18","author":"J Galon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galon J, Bruni D. Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019;18(3):197\u2013218.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03883-2","volume":"25","author":"R Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang R, Zeng H, Shi M, et al. Dynamic variations in peripheral blood indices and their association with efficacy and adverse reactions of pd-1 inhibitor combined chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025;25(1):264.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Gastric Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10120-025-01655-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10120-025-01655-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10120-025-01655-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:02:27Z","timestamp":1788739347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10120-025-01655-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10120-025-01655-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3291","1436-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3291","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study adhered to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of the participating hospital. Given the observational nature of the study, the ethics committee granted a waiver for written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}