{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:22:22Z","timestamp":1789154542713,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastric Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The term\n                    <jats:italic>early gastric cancer (EGC)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , defined as carcinoma confined to the mucosa or submucosa irrespective of lymph node status, has been widely accepted worldwide. In contrast, the terminology surrounding\n                    <jats:italic>advanced gastric cancer<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains inconsistent across regions. In Western oncology, \u201cadvanced cancer\u201d often denotes unresectable or metastatic disease, whereas \u201cearly-stage cancer\u201d may include resectable stage II\u2013III tumors. This semantic discrepancy has led to confusion in international communication, clinical trials, and guideline interpretation. We propose a three-tier terminology\u2014\n                    <jats:italic>early gastric cancer<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>locally advanced gastric cancer<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>advanced gastric cancer<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014to align the Japanese pathological concept with global clinical staging practice and therapeutic intent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-026-01717-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T06:58:20Z","timestamp":1770447500000},"page":"321-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reconsidering the terminology of \u201cearly\u201d and \u201cadvanced\u201d gastric cancer: toward a harmonized global lexicon"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-1894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Sano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narikazu","family":"Boku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Lordick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1717_CR1","first-page":"92","volume":"16","author":"S Kobayashi","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kobayashi S, Prolla JC, Yagi M, Kasugai T. Gastroscopic diagnosis of early gastric carcinoma based on Japanese classification. Gastrointest Endosc. 1969;16(2):92\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"1717_CR2","volume-title":"Early gastric cancer","author":"GANN Monograph on Cancer Research 11","year":"1971","unstructured":"GANN Monograph on Cancer Research 11. Early gastric cancer. Tokyo: Ed. Murakami T. Univ Tokyo; 1971."},{"issue":"1","key":"1717_CR3","first-page":"3","volume":"8","author":"M Yoshimori","year":"1978","unstructured":"Yoshimori M, Yoshida S, Nakamura K, Oguro Y. Relationship between early and advanced gastric cancers: retrospective follow-up study of gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1978;8(1):3\u201312.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1717_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175883592211188","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359221118874","volume":"14","author":"N Pavlakis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pavlakis N, Tincknell G, Lim LE, Muro K, Obermannova R, Lorenzen S, et al. European-Australasian consensus on the management of advanced gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer: current practice and new directions. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2022;14:17588359221118874. 29;16:17588359241231259.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1717_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2020.1746185","volume":"20","author":"AC Roy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roy AC, Shapiro J, Burge M, Karapetis CS, Pavlakis N, Segelov E, et al. Management of early-stage gastro-esophageal cancers: expert perspectives from the Australasian Gastrointestinal trials group (AGITG) with invited international faculty. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2020;20(4):305\u201324.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1717_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zrad13","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zrad137","volume":"7","author":"I Farnes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farnes I, Kleive D, Verbeke CS, Aabakken L, Issa-Epe A, Sm\u00e5stuen MC, et al. Resection rates and intention-to-treat outcomes in borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: real-world data from a population-based, prospective cohort study (NORPACT-2). BJS Open. 2023;7(6):zrad13.","journal-title":"BJS Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"1717_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.07.004","volume":"33","author":"F Lordick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lordick F, Carneiro F, Cascinu S, Fleitas T, Haustermans K, Piessen G, et al. Gastric cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(10):1005\u201320.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1717_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2503701","volume":"393","author":"YY Janjigian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Janjigian YY, Al-Batran SE, Wainberg ZA, Muro K, Molena D, Van Cutsem E, et al. Perioperative durvalumab in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(3):217\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"29","key":"1717_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-00486","volume":"43","author":"K Shitara","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shitara K, Rha SY, Wyrwicz L, Oshima T, Karaseva N, Osipov M, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as perioperative therapy in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: final analysis of the randomized, phase III KEYNOTE-585 study. J Clin Oncol. 2025;43(29):3152\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Gastric Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10120-026-01717-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10120-026-01717-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10120-026-01717-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T13:27:35Z","timestamp":1773062855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10120-026-01717-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10120-026-01717-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3291","1436-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3291","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article has been updated to remove the affiliation 1 that was inadvertently included for the second and third authors.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}