{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:35:41Z","timestamp":1789835741527,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-026-00816-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:38:48Z","timestamp":1776818328000},"page":"961-977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative evaluation of quercetin, rutin, and their nanoparticles: enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant activities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sardar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabi Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Usman","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najm Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-024-00880-3","volume":"24","author":"AR Abdel-Malek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdel-Malek AR, Moustafa AY, Salem SH (2024) Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of flavonoid and phenolics extracted from Sepia pharaonis ink (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). BMC Biotechnol 24(1):54","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"816_CR33","first-page":"96","volume":"2","author":"SN Abd El-Rahmanand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abd El-Rahmanand SN, Suhailah S (2014) Quercetin nanoparticles: Preparation and characterization. Indian J Drugs 2(3):96\u2013103","journal-title":"Indian J Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s44371-024-00071-1","volume":"1","author":"ML Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali ML et al (2024) Exploration of marine natural compounds as promising MDM2 inhibitors for treating triple-negative breast cancer: insights from molecular docking, ADME\/T studies, molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations. Discover Chem 1(1):61","journal-title":"Discover Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"816_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.15586\/ijfs.v34i2.2196","volume":"34","author":"TM Alnour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alnour TM et al (2022) Antimicrobial synergistic effects of dietary flavonoids rutin and quercetin in combination with antibiotics gentamicin and ceftriaxone against E. coli (MDR) and P. mirabilis (XDR) strains isolated from human infections: Implications for food-medicine interactions. Ital J Food Sci 34(2):34\u201342","journal-title":"Ital J Food Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2013.06.001","volume":"21","author":"SS Al-Saif","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Saif SS et al (2014) Antibacterial substances from marine algae isolated from Jeddah coast of Red sea, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 21(1):57\u201364","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0580-0","volume":"15","author":"MU Amin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amin MU et al (2015) Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complement Altern Med 15(1):59","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"816_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.002","volume":"92","author":"MK Anwer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anwer MK et al (2016) Development and evaluation of PLGA polymer based nanoparticles of quercetin. Int J Biol Macromol 92:213\u2013219","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"816_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005","volume":"6","author":"M Balouiri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK (2016) Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J Pharm Anal 6(2):71\u201379","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"key":"816_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisso BN et al (2025) Efficacy of Chlorogenic Acid Combined With Cefazolin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol, 2025: p. 6755742","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/6755742"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-024-00634-0","volume":"10","author":"Z Breijyeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Breijyeh Z, Karaman R (2024) Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants and their role in wound healing. Future J Pharm Sci 10(1):68","journal-title":"Future J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"816_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1021\/je7001094","volume":"52","author":"L Chebil","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chebil L et al (2007) Solubility of flavonoids in organic solvents. J Chem Eng data 52(5):1552\u20131556","journal-title":"J Chem Eng data"},{"issue":"4","key":"816_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb12040074","volume":"12","author":"MC Cristiano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cristiano MC et al (2021) Rutin-loaded nanovesicles for improved stability and enhanced topical efficacy of natural compound. J Funct biomaterials 12(4):74","journal-title":"J Funct biomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR37","first-page":"424","volume":"19","author":"S Derman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Derman S et al (2020) Antioxidant activity and hemocompatibility study of quercetin loaded plga nanoparticles. Iran J Pharm Research: IJPR 19(1):424","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Research: IJPR"},{"issue":"4","key":"816_CR45","first-page":"141","volume":"13","author":"KR Devi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Devi KR et al (2023) Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles encapsulated rutin targeting bacterial growth inhibition and its cytotoxicity on PANC-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell. J Appl Pharm Sci 13(4):141\u2013148","journal-title":"J Appl Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-020-00060-0","volume":"9","author":"NH El-Tablawy","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-Tablawy NH, Mansour HA, Shaaban AE-SM (2020) Antioxidant activities of some edaphic algae in Egypt. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 9(1):41","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03446-7","volume":"24","author":"F Esnaashari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Esnaashari F, Zahmatkesh H (2024) Antivirulence activities of Rutin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 24(1):328","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"816_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferdous UT, Balia ZN, Yusof (2021) Insight into Potential Anticancer Activity of Algal Flavonoids: Current Status and Challenges. Molecules, 26(22)","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226844"},{"issue":"19","key":"816_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9935","DOI":"10.3390\/app12199935","volume":"12","author":"G Gentscheva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gentscheva G et al (2022) Chemical characterization of selected algae and cyanobacteria from Bulgaria as sources of compounds with antioxidant activity. Appl Sci 12(19):9935","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"816_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0119gotek A, Skrzydlewska E (2022) Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of ascorbic acid. Antioxidants, 11(10): p. 1993","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101993"},{"issue":"2","key":"816_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.13.2.277","volume":"13","author":"JR Graybill","year":"1978","unstructured":"Graybill JR, Mitchell L, Levine HB (1978) Treatment of experimental murine cryptococcosis: a comparison of miconazole and amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 13(2):277\u2013283","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-018-9591-z","volume":"18","author":"I G\u00f3rniak","year":"2019","unstructured":"G\u00f3rniak I, Bartoszewski R, Kr\u00f3liczewski J (2019) Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochem Rev 18(1):241\u2013272","journal-title":"Phytochem Rev"},{"key":"816_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.07.008","volume":"67","author":"B Gull\u00f3n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gull\u00f3n B et al (2017) Rutin: A review on extraction, identification and purification methods, biological activities and approaches to enhance its bioavailability. Trends Food Sci Technol 67:220\u2013235","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"816_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horikoshi S, Serpone N (2013) Introduction to nanoparticles. Microwaves in nanoparticle synthesis: fundamentals and applications, : pp. 1\u201324","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527648122.ch1"},{"key":"816_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabir MS, Taha A, Sahib U (2018) Antioxidant activity Linalool Eng Technol J, 36(1)","DOI":"10.30684\/etj.36.1B.11"},{"key":"816_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.103561","volume":"74","author":"KV Jardim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jardim KV et al (2022) In vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant evaluation of quercetin loaded in ionic cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 74:103561","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"816_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12112316","volume":"12","author":"D-M Jo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jo D-M et al (2024) Green Medicine: Advancing Antimicrobial Solutions with Diverse Terrestrial and Marine Plant-Derived Compounds. Processes 12(11):2316","journal-title":"Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"816_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2015.04.012","volume":"23","author":"N Kalidindi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalidindi N et al (2015) Antifungal and antioxidant activities of organic and aqueous extracts of Annona squamosa Linn. leaves. J food drug Anal 23(4):795\u2013802","journal-title":"J food drug Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.09.012","volume":"144","author":"M Kong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kong M et al (2010) Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: A state of the art review. Int J Food Microbiol 144(1):51\u201363","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"816_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020457","volume":"12","author":"DM Kopustinskiene","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kopustinskiene DM et al (2020) Flavonoids as anticancer agents. Nutrients 12(2):457","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"816_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y et al (2024) Advances in nanotechnology for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Drug design, development and therapy, : pp. 1469\u20131495","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S447496"},{"key":"816_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malekpour M et al (2025) Current strategies for rutin nano-formulation; a promising bioactive compound with increased efficacy. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, : p. 1\u201322","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-025-03156-y"},{"issue":"25","key":"816_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026619666181120143050","volume":"18","author":"N Malik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malik N et al (2018) Flavonoids and anthranquinones as xanthine oxidase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors: a new approach towards inflammation and oxidative stress. Curr Top Med Chem 18(25):2154\u20132164","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"816_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70269","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70269","volume":"39","author":"R Mani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mani R et al (2025) A comparative study of quercetin\/rutin loaded PEG polymeric nanoparticles: controlled drug release and its biological activity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 39(5):e70269","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"issue":"22","key":"816_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1470514","volume":"33","author":"BT Martins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martins BT et al (2019) Marine natural flavonoids: Chemistry and biological activities. Nat Prod Res 33(22):3260\u20133272","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"816_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-017-1426-3","volume":"24","author":"E Masoudipour","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masoudipour E et al (2017) Surfactant effects on the particle size, zeta potential, and stability of starch nanoparticles and their use in a pH-responsive manner. Cellulose 24(10):4217\u20134234","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"816_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2025.107050","volume":"134","author":"M Meivelu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meivelu M (2025) Polysaccharides and flavonoids from seaweeds: A natural arsenal against drug-resistant malaria. J Funct Foods 134:107050","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07953-6","volume":"50","author":"MY Memar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Memar MY et al (2023) Preparation of rutin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles and evaluation of its physicochemical, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. Mol Biol Rep 50(1):203\u2013213","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses5010022","volume":"5","author":"IN Monroy-Garc\u00eda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Monroy-Garc\u00eda IN et al (2025) Bioactive Compounds from Marine Macroalgae: A Natural Defense Against Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. Stresses 5(1):22","journal-title":"Stresses"},{"issue":"15","key":"816_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7740","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400295a","volume":"114","author":"Q Mu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mu Q et al (2014) Chemical Basis of Interactions Between Engineered Nanoparticles and Biological Systems. Chem Rev 114(15):7740\u20137781","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"816_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2016.41","volume":"5","author":"AN Panche","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR (2016) Flavonoids: an overview. J nutritional Sci 5:e47","journal-title":"J nutritional Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5114\/bta.2021.103764","volume":"102","author":"S Pandian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandian S et al (2021) Synthesis of quercetin-functionalized silver nanoparticles by rapid one-pot approach. BioTechnologia 102(1):75\u201384","journal-title":"BioTechnologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"816_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3390\/md22020077","volume":"22","author":"D Pereira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pereira D et al (2024) The role of natural and synthetic flavonoids in the prevention of marine biofouling. Mar Drugs 22(2):77","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"10","key":"816_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11101566","volume":"11","author":"T Pivec","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pivec T et al (2019) Chemical structure\u2013Antioxidant activity relationship of water\u2013based enzymatic polymerized rutin and its wound healing potential. Polymers 11(10):1566","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"816_CR54","unstructured":"P\u00e1pay ZE et al (2015) Drug delivery approaches for apigenin: A review."},{"key":"816_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2015.07.089","volume":"28","author":"AI Prihantini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prihantini AI, Tachibana S, Itoh K (2015) Antioxidant active compounds from elaeocarpussylvestris and their relationship between structure and activity. Procedia Environ Sci 28:758\u2013768","journal-title":"Procedia Environ Sci"},{"key":"816_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rakhal B et al (2025) New Perspectives of Antimicrobials from Marine Environment in the Treatment of Non-healing Foot Wounds of Diabetics. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci J, 13(2)","DOI":"10.12944\/CRNFSJ.13.2.5"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22047","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-06873-2","volume":"15","author":"H Ramezani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramezani H, Sazegar H, Rouhi L (2025) The antimicrobial efficacy of rutin encapsulated chitosan versus multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 15(1):22047","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"816_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-018-1195-9","volume":"19","author":"GS Ravi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravi GS et al (2018) Nano-lipid Complex of Rutin: Development, Characterisation and In Vivo Investigation of Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant Activity and Bioavailability Study in Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 19(8):3631\u20133649","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"3","key":"816_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30030485","volume":"30","author":"MdM Ribas-Taberner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ribas-Taberner MdM et al (2025) Potential Use of Marine Plants as a Source of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 30(3):485","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"816_CR32","unstructured":"Segall AI (2019) Preformulation: The use of FTIR in compatibility studies."},{"key":"816_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senggagau B, Bond MM (2023) Application of gallic acid, rutin and quercetin from marine macroalgae Sargassum sp. to control Vibrio parahaemolyticus. in E3S Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202344202008"},{"issue":"4","key":"816_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041149","volume":"27","author":"NF Shamsudin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shamsudin NF et al (2022) Antibacterial effects of flavonoids and their structure-activity relationship study: A comparative interpretation. Molecules 27(4):1149","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"816_CR34","unstructured":"Sturzu S et al (2015) Report concerning the colaborative study for establish of reference standard eficacity of kanamycin."},{"issue":"9","key":"816_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092671","volume":"26","author":"M Terreni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terreni M, Taccani M, Pregnolato M (2021) New antibiotics for multidrug-resistant bacterial strains: latest research developments and future perspectives. Molecules 26(9):2671","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"17","key":"816_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7763","DOI":"10.1021\/jf900998q","volume":"57","author":"N Uppugundla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uppugundla N et al (2009) Switchgrass water extracts: extraction, separation and biological activity of rutin and quercitrin. J Agric Food Chem 57(17):7763\u20137770","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"816_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0194951","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194951","volume":"13","author":"S Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang S, Han Y (2018) Preparation, characterisation and antioxidant activities of rutin-loaded zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles. PLoS ONE 13(3):e0194951","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["International Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10123-026-00816-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10123-026-00816-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10123-026-00816-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:03:23Z","timestamp":1786626203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10123-026-00816-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10123-026-00816-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-1905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-1905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Nil.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this research work the authors used Grammarly and Quill Bot software to enhance the readability and structure of the sentences.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of AI tools","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}