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This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of crude ethanolic extract of\n                    <jats:italic>O. campechianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CEE-OC), and commercial (AgNPs-C), non-commercial (AgNPs-NC), and\n                    <jats:italic>Ocimum campechianum-<\/jats:italic>\n                    biosynthesized (AgNPs-OC) silver nanoparticles, against 21\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. isolates. Antimicrobial activity of rosmarinic acid (RA) against six isolates was also determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CEE-OC ranged from 6,250 to 781.25\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, showing the highest antimicrobial activity among the substances evaluated. AgNPs-OC exhibited MIC values approximately fourfold lower than those of CEE-OC. In contrast, AgNPs-C and AgNPs-NC showed no antimicrobial activity at the concentrations tested. CEE-OC and AgNPs-OC inhibited biofilm formation but had no effect on established biofilms. Molecular docking analysis suggested a potential interaction between RA and the NorA efflux pump protein. The results indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>O. Campechianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles may represent promising antimicrobial alternatives, although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-026-00882-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T06:41:54Z","timestamp":1786171314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and molecular docking evaluation of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Ocimum campechianum against Staphylococcus spp"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1409-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natilene Silva","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2829-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayara","family":"Andreo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0789-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun Kumar","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0550-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena Lima","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1887-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania Maria Sarmento","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7565-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helinando Pequeno","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9884-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus Matiuzzi","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"882_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42675-0","volume":"13","author":"AM Abdel-Aty","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdel-Aty AM, Barakat AZ, Bassuiny RI (2023) Statistical optimization, characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticle biosynthesized by saw palmetto seed phenolic extract. 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The isolates were identified under registration number AEEA0F9 and deposited in the Sistema Nacional de Gest\u00e3o do Patrim\u00f4nio Gen\u00e9tico (National Genetic Heritage Management System). Furthermore, all human-derived bacterial isolates were anonymized and de-identified, with no access to patient information; therefore, informed consent was not required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}